Research Of The Effect Of Honeybee(Apis Cerana)Pollination On The Quanity And Quality Of Kumquat

Honeybee is a kind of important insect for pollination. Kumquat is the traditional fruit which has a strong regional feature in Fujian province. This thesis manly studied the law of blooming and secreting nectar of kumquat’s flower and the effect of honeybee (Apis cerana) pollination on the quantity and quality of kumquat. On the study of the blooming regular, the number of the bud, stamen, flower and withered flower of kumquat were observed and recorded. So as we can ascertain the style and period of kumquat’s blooming. The nectar was extracted with capillary and the sugar content of kumquat’s flower was measured by hand-held saccharimeter. The quantity of secreted nectar and the sugar content of kumquat’s flower in each blooming period were summarized. Different control group and experimental group were designed to study the effect of pollination on the weight and quality of Kumquat. The main findings were as follows:1The regular of blooming:Kumquat can bloom at least three times in every year. The period of each blooming was about eight days, and the interval time between each blooming was nine to ten days.In the period of first blooming, the number of the flowers was large. The bud begun to appear at the first day of the blooming period, its most flowering day at the fourth, and at the sixth day, most of the flowers begun to wither. As to the second blooming, the number of the flowers was less. At the first day, the bud begun to appear. Its most flowering stage appeared at the third day, and most of the flowers begun to wither from the sixth day. The third blooming has the least flowers compared with the former periods. The bud begun to appear at the first day. Its most flowering stage was at the third day and most of the flowers begun to wither from the fifth day.The styles of blooming on the upper, middle and lower part of kumquat tree were the same. The blooming regular of kumquat on the sun side and dark side of orchard has no big difference. Moreover, the styles of blooming in day and night were the same.2The regular of secreting nectar:The kumquat flower usually secreting nectar at the first day after blooming started. In the morning, the quantity of nectar was the largest10mg during the whole day, in the evening, it increased a little than in the afternoon, which is also rare in the midday. The quantity of nectar secreted in the second day was rare. The quantity of nectar secreted of one flower was between15mg and20mg. On the third period of blooming, the quantity of nectar secreted decreased obviously. There was no difference between the quantity of nectar of flower in the different parts of kumquat trees, which also has no difference between that of flowers in the sun side and dark side. The sugar content of nectar increased to the highest level on the midday. The highest level was higher more than the forty percent, and the lowest level was not less than twenty percent.3Effect of pollination:The weight, juice yield, content of soluble solids, level of sugar and acid, content of VC and the ratio of solid and acid of kumquats of control group and experimental groups were compared to evaluate the effect of pollination. The weight, juice yield, content of soluble solids, content of VC and ratio of solid and acid of pollinated kumquats in all parts of trees are all higher than that of kumquats of control group in the relative part.As to fruit of the first blooming, the weight of kumquats on the upper and middle part of pollinated group is obviously higher than that of un-pollinated group (P=0.0303, P=0.0346); the juice yield of kumquats in the middle and lower part of pollinated group is higher than those of un-pollinated group (P=0.0303, P=0.0460, P=0.0202); the contents of soluble solids of kumquats in the middle and lower part of pollinated group is higher than those of un-pollinated group(P=0.0007, P=0.0041); the content of VC of kumquats in the lower part of pollinated group is higher than that of un-pollinated group(P=0.0043), and there is no obvious difference in the upper and middle parts between pollinated group and un-polllmated group; the ratio of solid and acid of kumquats on the middle part of pollinated group is higher than that of un-pollinated group(P=0.0292).As to fruit of the second blooming, the weight of kumquats in the upper and middle part of pollinated group is obviously higher then those of un-pollinated group (P=0.0176, P=0.0305); the juice yield of kumquats in the upper part of pollinated group is higher than that of un-pollinated group (P=0.0315), there is no obvious difference in the middle and lower parts between pollinated group and un-pollinated group; the content of soluble solids of kumquats in the upper, middle and lower part of pollinated group is higher than those of un-pollinated group(P=0.0186, P=0.0012, P=0.0041); the content of VC of kumquats in the upper, middle and lower parts of pollinated group is higher than those of un-pollinated group(P=0.0410, P=0.0305, P=0.0100); the ratio of solid and acid of kumquats in the upper, middle and lower parts of pollinated group is higher than those of un-pollinated group(P=0.0348, P=0.0076, P=0.0333). But the level of sugar and acid of both fruits between pollinated group and non-pollinated group has no obvious difference.