Study On The Flower Bud Differentiation Of Grape In Greenhouse And Factors Influence Its Development

Two grape cultivars Jingmi‘(low light tolerance grape with high sustainable production ability)and Summer Black‘(non-low light tolerance, hardly get sustainable production in greenhouse) inpromoting early mature cultivation were used, setting open field and summer pruning dispose as control,using the paraffin section technique to research the grape flower bud differentiation of latent buds, incombination with the records of meteorology changes and physiological indexes of that the wholedifferentiation process, to analysis the key factors that influencing grape flower bud development,provide theoretical foundation for solving the alternate bearing. Conclusion as bellow：1. The flower bud differentiation of grape among different cultivation：（1） Jingmi‘had a highdifferentiation proportion in greenhouse, the differentiation began at the basal nodes of shoot andmore and more towards the shoot apex, so the usual pruning measurement leaving2-3latent buds cutcould get sustainable production. there was a clear difference among different position buds of SummerBlack‘, neither the quality nor the quantity could meet the commercial production demand, alternatebearing happen serious. but the higher position buds differentiation ratio a bit higher than the basal.（2）Buds at shoot basal2-3node in the open field Summer Black‘had a fine ability to form flower buds,in addition, the differentiation ratio reached90%and the process concentration well, meeting therequest of consecutive years sustainable production short cane pruning.（3）The basal2-3node latentbuds of Summer Black‘after Summer pruning could hardly become the flower bud exceeding50%,however,4-7nodes could get the higher differentiation ratio reach90%, therefore, the more safermeasurement of pruning was middle-long shoot removal the shoot（above4-7nodes bud position）.2. The physiological indexes that influence grape flower bud formation：（1）The soluble sugarand the starch in grape leaves had significant influence on grape flower bud differentiation ingreenhouse, especially at the moment of anlagen formed and the subsequent differentiation, the violentdecrease of the soluble sugar and starch during the inflorescence main axis forming stage was the mainfactors limited the anlagen to become high quality fruitful bud. The stored reserves had a vital influenceon the basal2-3node latent buds differentiation, and a good cohesion between the photosynthetic outputand the stored reserves was needed for the flower bud differentiation.（2）The lower level proteincontent of leaves was benefit to the grape flower bud formation before the anlagen appeared, so thehigher protein content in leaves was a confine of Summer Black‘flower bud development.（3）Timebefore the anlagen formed period was the key moment that hormone regulating flower buddifferentiation. The endogenous GAs content lacking changes, the ZRs and ABA content rapidlydecreasing before the dome or flat stage of growing point had adverse effect on flower buddifferentiation. The balance and cross-interaction among endogenous hormones regulate the grapeflower formation in protected cultivation. The rise of the ZRs/GAs ratio between the dome or flat stageof growing point and inflorescence main axis formed period and the higher ratio of ABA/GAs and thestable level of the ABA/IAA promote the anlagen, the inflorescence axis and branching primordiumformation. The stable ratio of ZRs/IAA after the dome or flat stage of growing point benefit to the inflorescence development.（4）Respiration rate raising on occasion was benefit to the flower buddevelopment of grape. Protein-fat-TCA had an important role in the grape inflorescence development,the EMP-TCA activation combine with the PPP pathway was the main ways promoting grape flowerbud formation in the open field before the inflorescence main axis formed period, the Protein-fat-TCAraising during the inflorescence main axis formation was good for Summer Black‘flower buddevelopment in the open field, whereas the rising EMP-TCA had the same effect on Jingmi‘. Thealternative electronic pathway dramatically rising during the inflorescence development period of Jingmi‘was benefit to the second inflorescence initiation of this cultivar in greenhouse.3. The environment factors that influence grape flower bud differentiation：Air temperature isnot the real meteorology factor that limiting flower bud differentiation of Summer Black‘, whereas thedeterioration of light condition was the root cause for the low ratio of good flower bud formation of Summer Black‘under protected cultivation: the shorter hours of bright sunshine, the lower lightintensity and insufficient UV radiation were the real factors that limiting the grape flower buddifferentiation in greenhouse, so the installation of plant growth light to prolong the day length, toincrease the light intensity and the UV radiation and summer pruning measurement to sprout the latentbud eluding undesirable light environment could be the necessity measures to improve the flower budformed.