| Rosa rugosa Thunb. is a shrub species native to East of China, Japan, Korea and Far East of Russia. It was introduced into Europe as a kind of hardy garden roses in late18th century, after that it escaped and invaded into many countries around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea as well as the sand coast of North America. However, the wild Rosa rugosa populations of China have been decreasing continuously in the past three decades, therefore it has been considered as a rare and endangered species in China. What level of the population demography and community composition differences will present in the same species under endangered and invasion situation? Can these differences help to manage the invasive and endangered populations? Rosa rugosa provides us with a good study system. This thesis based on five European invasive populations and two Chinese populations, we try to answer the following questions:1) If the European invasive populations perform better than Chinese endangered populations both in growth and reproduction?2) Compared with Chinese endangered populations, whether all European invasive populations have similar advantage in growth and reproduction?3) What’s the difference in growth and reproduction among shrubs within populations?4) What community factors influence the two Chinese populations of Rosa rugosa?During2012August to2013October, we investigated seven populations. From each population we randomly sampled10to16shrubs, recorded each shrub size, height, cover, and within each shrub we set quadrats, measured the Rosa rugosa height, cover, and hip number, bring40hips back to the lab, determined the seed number and seed quanlity. We analyzed the data, using analysis of variance, multiple comparison variability, then we use frequency distribution of the shrubs in different populations, the data showed that:The European populations performed better than Chinese populations in Rosa rugosa cover, Rosa rugosa height, shrub size, hip yield, seed yield. Rosa rugosa performed better in Europe. Make a comparison of seven populations, the data showed that not all Europe populations performed better than population in China. HUN and MP population are not significantly different in all the five traits. The word "invaded" is relative.Population difference between the shrubs is also very clear that the patterns of Rosa rugosa cover in seven populations are different, there are two types in the populations of Europe, one is with high cover and is representative by population DRA, HEA and SKA, that Rosa rugosa cover are very high; Another one is representative by HUN and LAN, Rosa rugosa cover is30%-100%. Cover of Rosa rugosa in MP population is0%-100%while HCH is0%-75%. On seed yield, China MP population was with seed production less than2000/sq m. LAN and HEA populations are similar with moderate seed production. While seed production is centered on2000/sq m. Seed production in DRA, SKA populations is relatively high, the highest seed production is7000/sq m.Comparing cover of different layers we found the community structures are similar in five European populations, however the cover of Rosa rugosa is higher than that in Chinese populations. Thus we focused on community constitute analysis in China. In MP community we recorded20families,36general,40species. In HCH, we documented24families,41general,50species. Calculating the importance value (IV), we found only one species is significantly related to Rosa rugosa. It is because biodiversity under Rosa rugosa shrub is very low, species appears more randomly. Then we fitting the linear relationship between herbaceous and Rosa rugosa cover: Rosa rugosa cover=-0.26*herbaceous cover+57.3.In conclusion, the European invasive population performed better than Chinese endangered population as a whole, however, it is not all European populations showed significant advantage in growth and reproduction, HUN and MP population showed no significant difference. The ability of growth and reproduction was ordered as DRA and SKA> LAN and HEA>HUN and MP>HCH. |
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