| Cardiovascular disease has been one of the most dangerous factors that threat human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death worldwide, and the number of people who die from cardiovascular disease every year is more than any other cause of death. Since the foundation of our country in1949, the people’s living conditions has been improved gradually. Therefore, cardiovascular disease has become a common disease, and cardiovascular mortality in China is higher than Japan and some other developed countries.For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played a significant role in protecting both physical and mental health of our people. In the21st century, with the modern technology widely used in TCM research, the research of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by TCM has also made great breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, and relevant achievements are often found in newspapers. Summarizing the existing achievements of TCM treatment of cardiovascular diseases, both domestic and overseas, is conducive to reveal the current situation of TCM treatment of cardiovascular disease research from a macro perspective, and to provide a reference for later research.1. Research purposesThis research is aimed at summarizing TCM treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury from the perspective of existing scientific literature, and exploring the key authors, hot periodicals, core institutions and research focus. By summarizing the current research status quo, it can provide a reference for future research work.2. Research methodologyAfter decades of research and development, bibliometrics generates lots of research methods, such as frequency analysis, co-occurrence analysis, correlation analysis etc. According to the research purpose, this paper uses frequency analysis and co-occurrence analysis method to analyze the related scientific literature on Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frequency analysis, is a method by metering sort the data in the relevant field, finding the academic leaders, high-yield and other information. To a certain extent, frequency analysis can reflect the research strength, allowing researchers to quickly identify research priorities. Combining analysis the specific content of scientific literature, researchers can find out the "invisible" academic research team and scientific research hotspot. This paper mainly uses macros function in Excel and Bicomb software for frequency analysis.Co-occurrence analysis, is a kind of quantitative analysis method by quantification of co-occurrence information, revealing the information content and features associated with the implied meaning items. Co-occurrence of the scientific papers is the same or different types of common phenomenon feature item. In bibliometric study, co-occurrence items must be some correlation, their degree of association can be used to measure the frequency of co-occurrence. This paper mainly uses Bicomb, and Spss19.0software for co-occurrence analysis.3. Research Steps3.1Disease identificationThrough literature screening and clinical practice, the author selected coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury for the study.3.2Literature access(1) Chinese literature:In the CBM database, taking the topic search, use the Chinese Thesaurus of five cardiovascular diseases as the search portal, and select the appropriate subheadings:massage therapy, acupuncture therapy, Chinese medicine pathogenesis, therapy, Chinese medicine, integrative medicine combination therapy, acupuncture and TCM. Download all bibliographic information.(2) Foreign literature:Taking PubMed as sources of data, use " Coronary Disease","Hypertension","Arrhythmias, Cardiac"," Heart Failure"," Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury"," Drugs, Chinese Herbal","Acupuncture Therapy","Medicine, Chinese Traditional","Tai Ji" as the search term. Search strategy("Coronary Disease"+" Medicine, Chinese Traditional", for example):("coronary disease"[MeSH Terms] OR ("coronary"[All Fields] AND "disease"[All Fields]) OR "coronary disease"[All Fields]) AND (("medicine"[MeSH Terms] OR "medicine"[All Fields]) AND ("Asian continental ancestry group"[MeSH Terms] OR ("Asian"[All Fields] AND "continental"[All Fields] AND "ancestry"[All Fields] AND "group"[All Fields]) OR "Asian continental ancestry group"[All Fields] OR "Chinese"[All Fields]) AND traditional [All Fields]). Download all bibliographic information.3.3Literature processing and statistical methods(1) Chinese literature:Converting the format of downloaded literature and import into excel for de-emphasis to establish five of cardiovascular disease dataset. Extract relevant fields for frequency statistics. Extract the Subject Headings field, delete the subheadings, and merge the high-frequency Subject Headings. Take MySQL statement word as the tool for frequency statistics, and use SPSS19.0for cluster analysis.(2) Foreign literature:Import the Downloaded literature into TDA software for de-emphasis processing, establishing the cardiovascular diseases data set. Extract relevant field for frequency statistics. Extract the Subject Headings field, delete the subheadings, and merge the high-frequency Subject Headings,and use Bicomb software for word frequency statistics and SPSS19.0for cluster analysis.4. Empirical findingsIn the CBM database,16548pieces of scientific papers was retrieved, in PubMed database,2987pieces of scientific papers was retrieved. After de-emphasis, the total number is16,154Chinese literature,2480foreign literature.(1) The research of Coronary disease was mainly on the thinking of activating the blood circulation and eliminating stasis in the clinical treatment, and the Chinese drugs frequently used are ginseng, salvia, radix etc. Governance and the rule of law places benefiting qi and promoting blood, nourishing yin and expectorant as the key link. Form a research team led by Chen Keji, who works in Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Similar to the findings of the Chinese literature, the research focus of foreign literature was also on the study of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacological components, as well as the effect of acupuncture on the role of adjuvant therapy in coronary disease.(2)The research focus of hypertension was mainly on the efficacy of Chinese drugs, like Tianma, Uncaria in treatment of liver yang hypertension. From the perspective of blood stasis, phlegm, explain the pathphysiology of the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension. And Pueraria plays an important role in controlling blood pressure, by adjusting the level of plasma vascular endothelial peptide, nitric oxide and other substances. The research focus of Foreign literature is similar to the Chinese literature, which focuses on the roles of benzyl isoquinoline and pyrazine drug played in controlling blood pressure, as well as Tai Chi in the control of blood pressure.(3)The research focus of arrhythmias is mainly reflected in studying the efficacy mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias in Shen Mai injection, Zhigancao Decoction, and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction. Foreign literature results showed that the alkaloid substance is the active ingredient for the treatment of arrhythmia, and acupuncture can improve the arrhythmia and prevent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury from happening.(4) The research focus of heart failure is mainly reflected in studying the efficacy mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias in ginseng, radix, astragalus, and salvia. Revealing the etiology and pathogenesis of heart failure is mainly yang and qi deficiency, accompanied by water-stagnation. Foreign literature results showed that there are three findings mainly:First, Digoxin is a commonly used drug for heart failure treatment; second, by acupuncture points, the heart blood rheology can be changed, thus improving myocardial ischemia; finally, as an effective complementary and alternative medicine treatment, taiji can effectively improve the quality of life of coronary disease patients with heart failure.(5) The research focus of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is reflected that there are four findings mainly:First, in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, ginseng, radix, chuanxiong and astragalus are the common Chinese herbs, and through the establishment of the model of myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, surgerying on damaged heart muscle cells sampled observation is the main research method. Second, the treatment should be lay stress on activating blood circulation to remove stasis. Third, through electrical stimulation related points in the pericardium (for example Neiguan), myocardial cells can stimulate the release of superoxide dismutase, regulating plasma levels of nitric oxide to improve myocardial ischemia and myocardial cell damaged. Finally, as a diagnostic method, ECG tracings surgery is of great help for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Foreign literature study is basically the same as Chinese literature.5. Conclusion(1) In terms of the publication country, China is still the main research country. Some developed countries, such as United States and United Kingdom, are starting to become concerned with and participate in this research area.(2) In terms of the number of publications, there are great amount of the articles related to this research area, with a stable increasing every year. Especially after2000, it shows a booming trend in the publication amount.(3) The language used are mainly Chinese and English, with other languages like Japanese, German, French, and Russian, indicating that this research has been made worldwide academic attention(4) In terms of the journal of publications, since China is the main research country in this topic, the majority of the articles were published in Chinese journals. Some popular periodicals include "Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine","China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica", and "Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine" etc, and the main periodical overseas is "The American Journal of Chinese Medicine". Those publications still can improve both in quantity and quality. Besides, since the impact factors of currently published articles are low in average and their quality is still need to improve, there are rarely publications in the first-rank medical journals such as "Lancet","Science", and "Circle".(5) Finally, we should review the research hotspot. For the Chinese literature, the spirit of TCM treatment of cardiovascular disease is focused on activating blood circulation to remove stasis, and bettering-qi and nourishing-yin etc. Popular Chinese drugs include salvia, ginseng, astragalus, and radix. The common used herb formula are salvia injection, Zhigancao Decoction, and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction. The research papers are mainly focused on the efficacy of the medicines, whereas rarely on the pharmacological mechanism of the medicines. For the non-Chinese literature, the main focus of TCM treatment for Cardiovascular is consistent with those Chinese literatures. Popular Chinese medicines include ginseng and salvia. However, the non-Chinese literature is different from the Chinese literature in that there are some researches related to both the acupuncture therapy and the complementary efficacy of Tai Chi in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It could be explained by the acceptance of the acupuncture and Tai Chi as complements of medical treatment in the western countries. |
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