| Objective：To investigate whether a seasonal variation pattern in the occurrence ofAcute pulmonary embolism(APE）exists and the trend and changes regarding riskfactors of pulmonary embolism among189inpatients from the Second AffiliatedHospital of Dalian Medical University, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatmentof APE.Method：Medical data of189patients hospitalized who suffered from pulmonaryembolism in our hospital from January2002to December2012were retrospectivelyreviewed and analyzed on seasonal distribution and related risk factors of pulmonaryembolism.Results：APE frequency for each month from January to December was calculatedand the number of APE incidents varied according to the month with the highest inMarch and April, both20cases. Constituent ratio of APE incidents among189casesrecorded in the last10years varied according to the month from6.88％to10.58％. Butno significant difference in monthly distribution of pulmonary embolism episodes wereobserved (P>0.2). In our material, the peak occurrence of PE in189cases was in springaccording to the season with30.69％（58/189）in spring,21.16％（40/189）in summer,23.28％（44/189）in autumn,24.87％（47/189）in winter, but the difference in seasonaldistribution was not statistically significant in the whole group (P>0.2). Of these189inpatients,125were≥60years, with PE occurred most frequently in spring (n=20) and 64were <60years, with PE occurred most frequently in autumn (n=40). At the sametime,100male occurred most frequently in winter(n=28),and89female occurred mostfrequently in spring(n=33). However, the difference in seasonal distribution was notstatistically significant in either of the gender groups, or the age groups. The number ofdeaths in last10year from PE, based on death certificates, was31in our hospital.Seasonal mortality rates occurred most frequently in spring from PE also showed nostatistically significant difference(P>0.05). Analysis of these189patients who have theinfluencing factors, including104patients with DVT,19patients with phlebeurysma orphlebitis,22patients with surgery,13patients with trauma and fracture,60patientswith cardiovascular disease,19patients with chronic pulmonary disease,21patientswith tumor,19patients with stroke,1patient with pregnancy and3patients withinterventional therapy shows that180of APE patients had definitely higher risk factors.In addition,13patients with COPD,20patients with heart failure(HF),6patients withSLE,1patient with Behcet disease,1patient with congenital heart disease,1patientwith polycythemia vera,6patients with pneumonia,2patients with nephroticsyndrome,3patients with sepsis and1patient with ulcerative colitis were observed.7identified common risk factors were set up for observing, including deep venousthrombosis, phlebeurysma or phlebitis, surgery, trauma and fracture, cardiovasculardisease, chronic pulmonary disease, tumor, and stroke. Seasonal distribution differenceaccording to the most common risk factors of APE was not statistically significant(P>0.05) in addition to the post-operative APE (P<0.02) which was more common insummer. Major risk factors would include DVT, cardiovascular disease, surgicaloperations, tumor, chronic pulmonary disease, varicosity or phlebitis of lowerextremities, trauma and fracture etc., according to the order of incidence rates.Cardiovascular disease had become the second major risk factor in the last10years.Conclusions：1. No significant differences in seasonal distribution of pulmonary embolismepisodes in the last10years from2002to2012in our hospital were observed.Correlation between the mortality rates of APE and seasonal distribution also showed no statistically significant difference.2. Seasonal distribution difference according to the most common risk factors ofAPE was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in addition to the post-operative APEwhich was more common in summer. DVT and cardiovascular disease had become themost common major risk factors in the last10years. |
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