Study On Chinese Dialect Phoneme Structure FL Calculation And Language Evolution

Based on the basic theories from computational linguistics, statistics, phonemics and phonology, this paper has proposed the phoneme functional load calculation according to the phoneme opposition theory of structural linguistics. From the aspects of phonological structure, syllable combining form and initial-final-tone high/low position problems of3000syllables from the representative of northern mandarin dialects-Beijing dialect and the representative of southern Wu dialects-Wenzhou dialect included in Chinese Dialect Words. From the perspective of opposing frequency to analyze the high/low phoneme frequency, from the perspective of initial-final-tone functional load to analyze the primary/secondary position for initial, final and tone, it has also analyzed the different linguistic structure evolution features and developing trend between the northern and southern dialects from the Chinese ancient phonology.The conclusions of this paper:(1)Phoneme system functional load comparisonFrom the information carrying amount calculation results for the initial-final-tone system, it can compare the high or low positions for different dialects’ initial-final-tone respectively. The initial and final system’s functional load account for more than1/3, while the tone system’s functional load is slightly less than1/3. The relationship among initials, finals and tones in Beijing dialect is:final system>initial system>tone system. But the relationship in Wenzhou dialect is:initial system>final system>tone system. Beijing dialect’s initial system’s and final system’s carrying functional loads are higher both that of Wenzhou dialect’s; while Beijing dialect’s tone system carrying functional load is lower than that of Wenzhou’s. Both the initial and tone mean functional loads are higher than those of Wenzhou’s, while the final system’s mean functional load is lower than that of Wenzhou’s. Wenzhou dialect’s initial-final-tone systems’difference value is smaller than that of Beijing dialect’s.(2)Dialect comparison and language evolutionThrough the Beijing dialect’s initial-final-tone phoneme functional load calculation comparison, it shows that:voiced initials(voiced plosives, voiced affricates and voiced fricatives) are affected by the Ping/Zhe tones to purified; Zhi, Zhang and Zhuang three groups are developing into [ts],[tsh] and [ts]; Ri, Wei, Yi, Yi, Ying and Yun groups’most of whose words are developing into zero initial; labial differentiation produces labiodential [f]; Jian and Jing groups develop into new [tc],[tch] and [c] and so like features. The final system mainly develops that:these finals owning same final-tail but different final-body become combining together. These finals owning different final-tail but same final-body are merging; the entering tone’s plosive final-tail is disappearing, developing into Yin-sheng rhyme. Each She interlocks mutually. The tone system evaluating embodies:the ancient four tones are divided into Beijing tone systems’each other, mainly presenting dividing Yin and Yang, Voiced second tone changing into the four tone and the entering tone developing into the other types and so like characteristics.Comparing the initial-final-tone phoneme functional load accounting in Wenzhou dialect with Chinese ancient rhythm, it shows that:the voiced initials remain still; Fei group reads heavy labials; Jing, Zhuang and Zhang groups combining; Jian group palatal phenomenon remains obvious differences and so on. The final-tail changing complexly so that [η] in Yang-tone rhythm remains in Zeng, Geng, Shen, Tong and Zhen Shes, while rarely appear in others. Yu, Guo and Jia shes in Yin-tone rhythm remain zero final-tail, while others with [u] or [i] still. However, the final-head corresponding relationship evaluating is much more complexly, because the finals’ open or closes and Four level in Chinese ancient rhythm, not only including head vowel differences, but also final-body’s. The tone system shows’Four sound Eight tone’this mode, and remains obvious ancient traces. Yin tone mainly comes from the ancient four tones’whole voiceless and secondary voiceless. The evaluating process keeps close relationship with the initials’whole/secondary voiceless features. Yang tone mainly comes from the ancient four tones’whole voiced and secondary voiced. The evaluating process keeps close relationship with the initials’whole/secondary voiced features. The entering tone remains well and they are interacting between Yin and Yang.The completion of this paper, on the one hand, has established the theoretical framework of the functional load calculation of phonemes, but also provided the quantitative method for Chinese dialects’phonetic structure, distribution and evolution research.