| Throughout the life of Plekhanov, his political career was full of frustrations and his philosophic thinking was mixed. Plekhanov is a complicated person and he plays a great role in Marx’s philosophy history. He had been in exile for37years,but he never stopped studying philosophical theory, and he had been engaged in theoretical research all his life. He was very hard-working and spent much time on academic research, his theoretical writings were very rich, at the same time, their influence and contribution were wide. Compared with other Marx thinkers, Plekhanov comes first on the list. Because of the broad research area, his philosophic thinking is great, but it also has some mistakes.In contrast to his earlier and later time, Plekhanov’s philosophic thinking and his political career were complex, especially his political opinions. Before1903, he experienced the change from the populist nationalism to Marxism. He became a Marxian when he fought with Populists. To defend the Marx’s doctrines, Plekhanov tried his best to debate with international opportunism. He made much contribution to develop the Marx philosophy, while his philosophy theory also contains some defects, which later developed into opportunistic view. But after1903, he gradually to warded to Menshevik in politics, but he did not move to Menshevik Party completely. His political stance was vacillation between1903and1914.He tried to reconcile the differences between Bolshevik and Menshevik, and was firmly opposed Menshevik ’s faction. As Lenin said, Plekhanov took a "special position in this period". So this time he still wrote some good books in philosophy period, and he was against Neo Kantianism and Machism with Lenin. In1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, he took a social chauvinism position. After the February revolution in Russia in1917, he returned to Russia, but he was opposed to the revolution of October. Although he was against the revolution of October, he was different with Kautsky and other Mensheviks, he did not attack the Soviet regime.In general, Plekhanov is still an outstanding philosopher.After1903, he turned to Menshevik and became an opportunist, even to social chauvinism in1914, because of the errors of Plekhanov’s political stance. Because of his later wrong political position, people can’t evaluate his thought, including his philosophic thinking. What the more is that people questioned his later philosophy. We should seek truth from facts, just to make the objective evaluation, especially his later philosophy thinking. Therefore, I try to analyze one of his later outstanding works " History Of Russian Social Thought" and the change of his later political position to analyze and judge his later philosophic thinking, to achieve a comprehensive understanding and correct evaluation of Plekhanov.Through reading Plekhanov’s later work" History Of Russian Social Thought", I can refine the philosophical ideas from the book, then to make necessary preparation for analyzing his thoughts of philosophy correctly in the next. Through analyzing the change of his later political stance and his later philosophy, we can find whether his later political stance link with his later philosophy. We know that Plekhanov advanced in philosophy and defended the right things, but we are also sure that he made many mistakes in his later politics. In the paper, I will give the answer about the conflict. In the revolutionary situation, he struggled in his position. No matter what mistakes he made, we can say that he did not oppose the socialist revolution until his life was over. As a Marxian, Plekhanov believed that socialism will come eventually, and capitalism will fail. He played an important role in some major events in the modern world history, in the international communist movement and the Russian revolutionary movement. He is an effect historical figure and an outstanding theorist in the aspect of Marxism. Reading his works and interpreting his thought are very important and significance. |
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