Hilly Red Soil Forest Landscape Pattern Analysis And Optimization

Global climate change and human activities have influences on global and regional landscape pattern, the perspective of landscape structure optimization research on regional ecological system structure and function optimization is of great significance. Landscape pattern research can explore landscape internal rule, analyzes the influential elements of the landscape pattern, than evaluate the landscape pattern and put forward optimization measures, provide scientific basis for regional sustainable development and for a larger scale or global change research. The Southern Red Soil Hilly Region is a typical fragile ecological system, vegetations has suffered damage, serious soil erosion, land productivity decline, forest landscape pattern has been damaged, so we need to take effective measures to promote ecological structure optimization and realize the ecological and economic coordinated development. This study based on Ganjiang River Basin remote sensing interpretation and the small forest patches data of Jinggangshan, southern Longnan, southern Xingguo, and taihe. Calculation of landscape indices uses ArcView3.3, Fragstats3.3and Excel2003, analysis the characteristics of landscape pattern. Analysis the landscape structure and differences, then put forward structural optimization program. There are some guidance and reference for optimize of ecological structure, ecosystem structure environmental protection on Ganjiang River Basin. The results are as following:The landscape pattern analysis of Ganjiang River Basin:according to remote sensing image interpretation data, calculation the landscape index use Fragstats. For quantitative analysis from landscape level, type level and spatial pattern of landscape index. From landscape level to see, complex and diverse types throughout the region, the higher degree of fragmentation of forest landscapes, scattered distribution of various types, have relatively obvious dominant landscape types. A higher degree of polymerization between landscape, landscape with a dense pattern of multiple elements. From landscape type level to see, the largest forest area is pine, plaque internal borders irregularly distributed, landscape shape is complex and varied, have absolute advantage affects the composition of landscape pattern. Landscape areas followed by Chinese fir and broadleaf forests. Pine, economic forest, bamboo and other forest type have larger plaques, distribution agglomeration than other types. Pine, Chinese fir and broadleaf forests have higher fragmentation degree. Select AI, LPI, CONTAG and so on to analysis the spatial pattern of landscape indices. Found that the spatial distribution of landscape indices consistent with the distribution pattern of forest types, in the larger area of continuous forest area, forest fragmentation represents a lower index value, indicates a higher index value of forest continuity.Landscape pattern analysis of the four regional:Jinggangshan and southern Longnan, southern Xingguo, and taihe represent the broadleaf forest, degradation of forest and plantation. By analyzing the study area and the four different forest type areas to provide scientific basis for the research of landscape structure optimization. Jinggangshan is given priority to natural evergreen broad-leaved forest, natural bamboo and other natural forest., forest type diversity, but human evergreen broad-leaved forest and artificial Taiwan pine, pinus massoniana, most plantation area of very small. If lack of management will development in the direction of the natural forest or fade. Southern Longnan is given priority to natural evergreen broad-leaved forest and natural masson pine, landscape structure is simple, a relative advantage to tree species, and different forest types distribution is uneven, landscape shape the rules. Southern Xingguo is given priority to natural pinus massoniana and artificial masson pine forest, the landscape structure is relatively complex, landscape within the same type plaque broken, this is due to soil degradation of soil and water loss, leading to the forest landscape structure broken. Taihe is given priority to artificial pinus elliottii and Chinese fir, landscape shape is complex, landscape within the complex. Analysis the landscape index of four regional from AI, CONTAG, LPI, etc, Known that index of landscape spatial pattern and forest type distribution pattern is consistent, is a common effect under the action of natural factors and human factorsAnalyze the causes:Quantitative analysis the Ganjiang River Basin and its four areas on landscape index, combined with forest type map of regional topography, rainfall, soil types, climate types, etc. Factor, analysis the reason of landscape index space distribution pattern. Analysis results show that the local landform, soil type, rivers, and water, the natural environment factors such as rainfall distribution is the main factor that cause the uniqueness of the landscape pattern, every region has the particularity of the landscape. Besides the influence of natural factors, human factors also can produce very big effect on the landscape pattern, through the living space of human disturbance, the area of land types, soil structure and forest ecological system.Landscape structure optimization strategies:Analyze Ganjiang River Basin forest landscape, together with the present situation of landscape pattern and ecological problems, Puts forward some countermeasures for optimizing, provides theoretical foundation for the stable and sustainable development in the studied area, landscape pattern optimization goal is reasonable planning the Ganjiang River Basin of the forest landscape structure, make the landscape elements such as patch, corridor, matrix in space and quantity on the reasonable distribution, protect the diversity and stability of forest. Through the adjustment of the forest landscape structure in order to improve landscape structure and landscape function, at the same time of forest protection to economic development, highlight the characteristics of the natural environment, relying on regional advantages, the development of forest tourism, improve the economic income.The basic principles of landscape pattern optimization are whole optimization principles, nature priority, diversity, forest landscape character, heterogeneity, and so on. In combination with the basic principles of landscape optimization, from the landscape level, type level and index level of spatial distribution put forward the optimization measures. From the landscape fragmentation, landscape heterogeneity and landscape diversity, landscape shape put forward specific optimization measures. Type level combination of forest distribution pattern and practical reasons put forward to protect the forest plantation ecosystem on regional distribution, reasonable design, in view of the small area of plantation management, strengthening forest management aspects optimization measures; Landscape spatial distribution are analyzed Through the whole index.To sum up, through analysis of landscape pattern on Ganjiang River Basin, four regional landscape pattern analysis and contrast, regional landscape index space distribution pattern and the reason analysis. Put forward the concrete measures in optimizing the structure of the ganjiang river basin landscape, based on the theory of landscape ecology and the quantitative analysis method, the conclusion is feasible, can provide a scientific basis for ecological structure optimization balanced and sustainable development.