| Based on the theory and method of landscape spatial pattern, supported the SPOT5 satellite images and the field investigation date as data resource, combined the approaches of GIS、RS and FRAGSTATS, this paper classified the forest landscape of Liluo forest farm in Guangxi in order to understand the status of forest landscape pattern and guide the forest operation and management by science in Liluo forest farm. Patch size, shape index, diversity index, dominance, fractal dimension and fragmentation index were adopted to analysis current situation of forest landscape pattern. Then the change of forest landscape at different landform were analyzed. At the same time, aiming at the existing problems, put forward countermeasures of landscape management. Main research conclusion as follows:1. Based on the ground survey data and SPOT 5 remote sensing images, using the approach of remote sensing and forest landscape classification standard, The elements of Liluo forest landscape was divided into seven types, including China fir forest, broad-leaved forest, pine forest, bamboo forest, shrub forest, forest and non forest land. Chinese fir forest, broad-leaved forest are the main types of the area. Chinese fir forest patch area, patch number and girth plays an important role in the whole landscape. The patch density of broadleaf forest is dense, reached 3.0508, which indicated a high degree of landscape fragmentation and strong heterogeneity. Human activities caused seriously distribution to broadleaf forest. Bamboo forest landscape fragmentation degree is relatively low, indicating little disturbance by human activities. The shape index and the fractal dimension of shrub was low, and the landscape shape is more regular single.that is due to the national special provisions of shrub forest dominated. Because of human’s consciousness activities, the degree of landscape fragmentation has been reduced. The research shows that the landscape heterogeneity is strong in Liluo forest farm. Shannon diversity index (SHDI) reached 1.3501 and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI) was 0.6938. The landscape dominance was 0.5872. The diversity index shows that landscape diversity is very low in Liluo forest farm and species is not rich enough. The proportion of each landscape type is difference, existing some advantages type.2. The change of landscape pattern at different landform is obvious. The forest landscape types along the elevation changes, shows a significant vertical differentiation. Below 200m and above 900m, forest landscape types are relatively small. The landscape mainly distributed in the range of 400m-800m, accounting for nearly 75% of the total area of the region. The relative elevation reached 1001.5 meters. Slope difference also reflected that forest slope is steep. The forest has many mountains, cliffs and deep canyons. In 20-25 degrees interval slope level reached to the peak. Forest landscape types distributed in the range of 15 degrees-35 degrees, accounting for a total area of nearly 70%. Compared with elevation and slope, aspect is the uniform distribution and slope difference is not obvious. This is because of that the forest is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the mountain caused. The distribution curve of the main forest landscape types, accounting for the proportion of the total area of each zone along the altitude rising, were single peak.3. Combined with the forest landscape pattern in Liluo, guided by the theory of landscape ecology, based on the main theoretical basis of landscape management, this paper put forward corresponding strategies and methods from landscape level structure, landscape fragmentation and diversity management. Forest landscape pattern optimization follows the natural priority, the basic principle of suit one’s measures to local conditions to achieve ecological, social and economic comprehensive benefit maximization. Aimed at the stand structure optimization, this paper put forward the method of "Reduce the coniferous forest, protection of broad-leaved forest and increasing mixed forest " to enhance forest landscape. As the advantage landscape, broad leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest landscape’s patch fragmentation degree are relative high. Through the method of constructing ecological corridor can effectively reduce the degree of landscape fragmentation. The forest landscape diversity of Liluo forest farm index is 1.35 that indicated the lower diversity and species richness. This most because that the Chinese fir plantation area accounted for most of the landscape. Therefore rational planning of artificial forest is the key to enhance the landscape diversity. |
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