Body Composition And Fat Distribution Characteristics Of The Different Body Fat Percentage Of University Students

Objective:To college students for the test object, different gender students are divided into3groups with different percentage of body fat. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, skinfold thickness method and circumference method were used to measure the body of the composition, skinfold thickness and body circumference, and the above indicators were respectively calibrated by body weight, percentage of body fat and height. Compare the characteristics of body composition and fat distribution with different percentages of body fat, and explore the variation of body composition and fat distribution with the increase of the percentage of body fat, ultimately provide the theoretical and practical foundation for weight control and improvements in health.Methods:Body composition (water, protein, inorganic salts, fat, skeletal muscle, and percentage of body fat) were measured by body composition analyzer, skinfold thickness (ten parts of the biceps, triceps, back of the neck, chest, maxillary line angle subscapular, abdominal, anterior superior iliac crest, thigh and calf, etc.) were measured by skinfold calipers, body circumference (arm circumference, forearm circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference) were measured by soft ruler, and use of skinfold thickness and body circumference to calculate the fat area. Then the above indicators were respectively calibrated by body weight, percentage of body fat and height. ANOVA analysis of mathematical statistics was used to find the characteristics of body composition and fat distribution.Results:1) body composition, skinfold thickness and fat area of gender are differences by independent sample t-test;2) there are significant differences between subgroups in body composition indicators (P<0.01), protein, inorganic salts, water, and skeletal muscle content is reduced with the increase of the percentage of body fat, but fat is increasing;3) fat of male is mainly distributed in the waist and abdomen, showing a centripetal trend; while the fat of the female students are mainly distributed in the lower limbs and waist;4) skinfold thickness was calibrated by the percentage of body fat, for males, the back of the neck, thigh and calf skinfold thickness of group I have differences with group II and group III (P<0.05), while the three indicators in the group Ⅱ and group III was no difference; the subscapular is angle between the three groups were significantly different (P<0.05), and with the increase of the percentage of body fat, skinfold thickness tended to decrease; the rest of the indicators there were no differences among the three groups; girls only group of the back of the neck skinfold thickness and group II (P<0.05)significant difference in group III (P<0.01) exists, the rest of the indicators were not significantly different;5) after the height calibration of body circumference index, in terms of the boys, in addition to the upper arm circumference and calf circumference in each group showed no differences, other indicators have significant differences between group I and group II and group I and group III, there were no differences between group II and group III; for females, chest, thigh circumference have no significant difference between group I and group II (P<0.01), there were significant difference in waist and hip circumferences between groups, in upper arm circumference, forearm circumference and calf circumference in each group have no significant difference between groups;6) for male college students, there was no significant differences of upper and lower extremities of the fat area between group II and group III, but there were significant differences between group I and group II as well as group I and group III; for female students there were no differences between groups.Conclusion:1) there are gender differences between body composition and fat distribution. In addition to the fat mass, body water, protein and inorganic salts of male were higher than females; males fat is mainly distributed in the waist and abdomen, showing centripetal development trends, while females are mainly distributed in the lower limbs and waist and abdomen, showing a more uniform development trend.2) With the increase of the percentage of body fat, only fat significantly increased, the body water, protein and inorganic salts did not change significantly.3) With the increase of the percentage of body fat, fat in various parts of the body is not balanced growth, but showed different patterns of change.4)20%and30%is recommended by WHO as percentage of body fat to diagnose obesity, in this study, so the author recommend that students who wants to lose weight had better do a whole body movement sports.