Research On Detection And Defence Against Wormhole Attack In Underwater Sensor Network

Underwater sensor networks are extending land wireless sensor network into the wateror sea. Using manual deployment or aircraft spreads the underwater sensor nodes to thedesignated area, these sensor nodes are floating on water, or settling into the water, or fixedon the bottom of the sea. These deployment sensor nodes organizes underwater sensornetworks using self-organizing manner and the preparation protocol. Underwater sensornetworks (USN) is a self-organized and distributed formation wireless communicationnetwork. It is composed of a large number of acoustic communication underwater sensornode and the AUV. Sensor nodes cooperate with each other to monitor and collect datainformation of underwater, transferring them to the surface base station and then send themto the user by a radio or wired communication. As the extending application to underwater,underwater sensor networks can be applied in marine information collection, environmentalmonitoring, geological disaster prevention, underwater exploration, underwater militarymonitoring and other fields, it has attracted the attention of various countries and researchinstitutions.The new three-dimensional underwater application environment brings to the sensornetwork technology new challenges. The delay and dynamic range of underwater channelis large. Acoustic signals attenuation in the water is large. The communication channelbandwidth is limited. Underwater high transmission bit error rate and serious multi-patheffect are serious. Due to the opening wireless environment and lack of physical protection,sensor nodes and sensor network security have become the key factor affecting thedevelopment of technology. In the different layers of the network, it faced with varioussecurity threats and attacks, such as the attack of data,attack on the physical node anddenial of service attacks.After the analysis of the underwater environment characteristics, channelcharacteristics, the problem of network security and technology, this paper is mainly studied at wormhole attack which is the most influencing the sensor network security.Wormhole attack is to establish a less delay "tunnel" between the malicious nodes. Itattacks the network through transmitting the data packets in the tunnel. Selectivediscarding or falsification of data is the main attack way. The wormhole attack costs lowand the attacking effect is obvious. It destroys data transmission and failure network nodelocalization and time synchronization. It also will increase the energy consumption ofnetwork nodes and reduce the network life cycle. In one word, it greatly influenced theperformance of underwater sensor networks. This paper proves the harmfulness of thewormhole attack through the simulation which is based on the Aqua-sim of NS2.Studying on the analysis of the various detection methods for the wormhole attack,this paper proposes a wormhole detection mechanism--a distributed approach ofvisualizing wormhole. The method first estimates the distance among sensor nodes, andthen reconstructed network standard through multidimensional. Using the distortion ofedge and angle in the reconstruction to detect and separate wormholes. When onewormhole is removed, then repeat the process until the complete elimination of thewormhole effect. In this paper, we have done two groups of experiment. We confirmed thefeasibility of this method and proved this method could effectively detect and defendwormhole attack.