Study On The Status And Countermeasure Of Protected Vegetable Production In Heilongjiang Province

China is the largest country which has1.3billion populations in the world, with1billion ofthe agricultural population. Agricultural economy plays a very important role during our nationaleconomic development. Increasing industrialized society has seriously restricted agriculturaldevelopment. So the sustainable development of agriculture is the issue which has most attractedattention in today’s society. Vegetable industry, one of the main elements of the planting industry,has been suffering intense impact and tremendous challenge. Compared to some other necessities,vegetable plays a more important role by its direct effect on people’s normal living. Moreover, as amain factor for peasants to enjoy the comparatively well-off society, vegetable industry is also in aconspicuous position in China’s rural industrial structure.On the basis of the summarization of status of protected horticulture at home and abroad andHeilongjiang province, according to the regional distribution and ecological function of vegetable,Heilongjiang province can be divided into4ecological areas, namely pollution-free vegetable inmountainous region, pollution-free vegetable in semi-mountain region, outward-orientedproducing base and south-oriented from north producing area. On the basis of an investigation onthe facilities structure type, production area of facilities vegetables, and the producing cost andprofit of each representative city in its corresponding ecological area, the results showed that:1. In2012, the total area of protected vegetables and solar greenhouses in Heilongjiang was46,667and6,542.7hectares respectively. They were mainly distributed in Harbin, Qiqihaer,Daqing, Suihua, etc. Plastic sheds, distributed in different regions in Heilongjiang province, wereabout40,087hectares. Modern intelligent greenhouses, with the area of26.67hectares, weremainly used for cultivar demonstration and were not popular applied in vegetable producing tillnow.2. There were much more facility structure types in Heilongjiang province, such as modernintelligent greenhouse, solar greenhouse and plastic shed. The solar greenhouses mainly includedLongyuan series of greenhouse, Dongnong series of greenhouse and improved43series ofgreenhouse, and the latest heat insulating material-covered greenhouse, which accounted for thetotal solar greenhouses of31.9%,63.9%and4.2%respectively. Plastic shed has been a majorfacility for vegetable cultivation in Heilongjiang; they were mainly divided into bamboo-sustainedshed, steel-sustained shed and new type material sustained shed, which accounted for1.2%,81.6%and17.2%respectively. The Venlo greenhouses, which were widely used in demonstrating projects,were prevailing applied modern intelligent greenhouses.3. In4ecological regions in Heilongjiang area, solar greenhouse vegetables can be planted by3growing generations each year, namely spring generation, autumn-winter generation and wintergeneration. The vegetables planted during spring generation were often tomato, pepper, eggplant,bean and specially utilized vegetables. During autumn-winter generation, the vegetables were cucumber, tomato, pepper, kidney bean, etc. Particularly, various kinds of pepper and tomato werethe dominant cultivars for its large planting area. Leaf edible vegetables and green onion werepopularly grown during winter generation. Vegetables in plastic shed can be planted through2growing generations per year, that is spring generation and autumn generation. Tomato andcucumber were often planted during spring generation, while plant tomato, pepper, eggplant,melon and leaf edible vegetables during autumn generation.4. By investigating the production cost and profit of facilities vegetables, it found that theproduction cost of plastic shed and solar greenhouse was2,614.5yuan and10,314.5yuan per667square meters respectively, and the input-output ratio was1:2.4and1:0.62respectively. In Andaarea, the production cost of plastic shed and solar greenhouse was3,552.4yuan and7,795yuan per667square meters, and the input-output ratio was1:1.7and1:0.73. In Mudanjiang area, it was2,486yuan and10,050.6yuan per667square meters, and the input-output ratio was1:2.05and1:0.36. In Tongjiang area, it was3,745.4yuan and9,937yuan per667square meters, and theinput-output ratio was1:0.98and1:0.49.5. Through field investigation, it found that the protected vegetable production inHeilongjiang province mainly existed6problems, namely blindly increasing area, ignoring marketdemand and internal production management; unreasonable facility structure, excessive energyconsumption, resulting in increased production costs; greenhouse construction and managementtechniques were inconsistent; lacking special greenhouse varieties; low level of facilitiesmechanization, low efficiency and poor security of protected vegetable etc. In view of the existingproblems, some corresponding countermeasures were put forward, namely according to the marketdemand and function, moderately developing greenhouse area;plan-macro,micro-regulation anddevelopment strategy; accelerate the development of facility matching equipment; strengtheningthe breeding of special facility variety; developing facilities mechanization production, improvinglabor rates; developing green vegetable production;establish farmer specialized vegetablecooperatives.