A Thought Research Of Priority In Scientific Discovery Of Merton

As a fuse to generate the late theory of Merton’s sociology of science (the operating system of science)---the priority of scientific discovery was a hub to connect the two theories of Merton’s sociology of science, and It was very important position and function in the theory of sociology of science.This article takes the priority of scientific discovery as a central topic, from analyzing historical phenomenon of the priority disputes of scientific discovery, to discuss the historical background and the theoretical basis and significance of the ideas of the priority of scientific discovery which to be put forward by Merton,to analyze a variety of reasons to explain by the academy and Merton’s unique interpretation about the priority disputes of scientific discovery, to analyze t the relationship between the priority of scientific discovery and the reward system of science as well as the forms and effectiveness of the reward system of science, and its effect evaluation, to analyze the relationship between the priority of scientific discovery and the evaluation system of science and the importance of Referee system, to analyze the "universalism" evaluation model of Merton, and to analyze the argument, development and transcendence about the "universalism" evaluation model. Finally, by summarizing and analyzing the important theoretical of the priority of scientific discovery in the theory of Merton’s sociology of science to further reveal modern humanities and practical significance of the priority of scientific discovery It contacts the reward system of science with the evaluation system of science, then, treated as a whole system to explore. It Studies internal relations among the priority of scientific discovery, the reward system of science and the evaluation system of science. It is enable to become a more complete system, in order to show more clearly the position and function of the priority of scientific discovery in the theory of Merton’s sociology of science.So it is enrich and perfect to the theory of Merton’s sociology of science.