The Study Of Scientific Norms

In recent decades, the scientific misconduct has increasingly become the focus of what people concern. What is the relationship between science and society, and how do scientists behave on earth become an important issue scientists and the public have to face. In the context of the relationship between science and society, scientific norms, especially the social norms of science, has been studied in this paper.First, this paper has examined the history of the study of the scientific norms and the relationship between science and society, explored the classification, function of the scientific norms. With the deepening of the relationship between science and society, the studies of scientific norms focus on epistemology norms, the scientific community norms and the norms of the relationship between science and society orderly, in addition to the classification of the three elements above, there are a variety of other classifications; scientific norms can help develop the science itself and harmonize the relationship between science and society; scientific norms are the rules and precedents to deal with scientific norms.Then, this paper focuses on Merton norms. By recalling the formulation of Merton norms and academic reflection to it, I sum up its success and limitations. Merton norms is the standpoints or cores of Merton's sociology of science; Merton norms have succeeded in dealing with the relationship among members of the scientific community; The fact that most of the misconducts violate Merton norms accounts for it; Merton norms' limitation is that it does not include the norms of the relation between science and society to come up with the development of the society,Do not deal with the Scientific utility properly, some of the additions, criticisms and attachment of Merton norms failure to clear "ought" from "is"; some failure to know the changes of the relationship between science and society. Merton norms is still applicable, the basic spirit of the pursuit of scientific objectivity is correct; the fundamental reason of scientific misconduct is the inappropriate value views of social culture, that is ,as a whole, the society emphasis on the materialistic culture too much, and neglect the spiritual culture; emphasis on the utilitarian nature of the science, and neglect the humanistic care. The scientific misconducts violate not only the "scientific norms", but also the "norms of the relationship between science and society."Finally, this paper point out that, in accordance with the development of the relationship between science and society, the attitude of the scientists to science, the development of science can be divided into three stages, that is, science as part-time job, science as career, science as vocation. Nowadays, being the third stage, we should take honesty and responsibility as the expansion of Merton norms, epistemology norms, scientific community norms and the norms of the relationship between science and society constitute three-dimensional norms.