Research On Interest In Science Of China Intellectuals In Late Qing And Early Republican China

Chinese society was in the transition process of modernization during the end of the Qing Dynasty and Early Republican China, the new reform in Late Qing Dynasty and the abolition of the imperial examination system had removed the obstacles for science dissemination, the dissemination of science and technology has entered a new stage of development; The thoughts of scientism and the movement of the debate between science and metaphysics that produced in the later stage of the New Culture Movement give science the supreme position and aureole.Academic circles tend to focus on the Chinese Professionalization of Science and organizational systematization course of science, but the development of modern science and technology needs a very complex conditions and requirements, needs support by institutional mechanism. Not only relates to productivity needs, professionalization of science and the Social recognition to professional scientist, but also relates to the spirit of science, science education, scientific community exchanges, scientific research and a series of related factors. Social economy, new education, new technology group of intellectuals, the scientific tradition and spiritual formation are not mature in the Late Qing Dynasty to Early Republican China, still do not have the conditions, it influence and restrict the professionalization and the institutionalization process of science. The development of science and technology cannot do without the formation of professionalization of science and scientists social roles, but the prerequisite that formation of cientists social role is the formation of the community formed a number of interested in science group of intellectuals. According to this way of thinking, we can connect the interest in science with the study of professional overseas and the chosen profession, which can investigate the new tendency of interest in science.This paper is divided into five parts, the introduction is the first part. It mainly discuss the reason of taking the intellectual interest in science as the topics, the definition of the research object, the selection of research method. Then, there are the literature review and introduction of the main contents of the article that based on the former things. Finally, there will point out the research significance of this paper.The second chapter:Study abroad profession of Chinese intellectuals’s professionalization refect on their interests in science during the end of the Qing Dynasty and Early Republican China.This chapter mainly to cognize there attitude to science and technology by inspecting the intellectuals profession.During the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the overseas education prosperity, and had formed three main study upsurges.But the study produced different efforts,because of the different countries and different foreign polices, the changes of intellectuals interest completely consistent with the movement of studying abroad.The interest in engineering technology turn to law and political sciences and military sciences.it finally tun to science and engineering from Late Qing Dynasty to study in American period. Nature Science got quickly development,and it promoted the process of professionalization of science and scientific Institution.The third chapter:The trend of Chinese intellectuals’s professionalization refect on their interests in science during the end of the Qing Dynasty and Early Republican China.The communication of science and the Qing Government’s New Reforms contributed to a diversified professional society.The profession choice of intellectuals also show diversification, although some intellectuals take scientific research as there profession,this is just the individual phenomenon.Due to the influence of traditional cultural values,intellectuals’s choice tend to focus on politics; the profession choice of new intellectuals that study abroad occupation choosing to study are also showing unscientific, The trend of professionalization of science and the social roles of professional scientist did not show obvious social orientation.The fourth chapter:The social background of China intellectuals’s change of interest in science. The aggregation and transformation of intellectuals’s interest in science is closely related with the external environment. On the foundation of analyses of the formal two parts.this article summarized three biggest factors that influence intellectuals’s interest.They are family background, education structure and important social trends, the three factors have the biggest influence on the formation of intellectual’s interest in Science.During the transition period,occupation choice of new intellectuals still retain the value of "official standard",the professionalization of science is not obvious; At the end of this chapter,Ⅰ will give professionalization of science a reflection.The conclusion part of the paper:expound that there are much gather and transform phenomenons of interest in science during the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republican China, together with the intellectuals’s interest turn to science;While the influence of scientific interest from the family background,knowledge and education structure, influence from the new learning during the Late Qing Dynasty, democratic and progressive thoughts and saving the nation by engaging in industry, saving the nation by education saving the nation by modern science, that are the three major social thoughts, the interest in science easy to change; as the process of scientific research in the period of1870-1930does not have the conditions. Hence, the time that arising of the widespread interest in science in modern China, professionalization of science and the organizational systematization course of science should occur after1930s.