Application Of Gold Nanoparticle Catalytic Chemiluminescence In Drug Analysis

The applications of nanomaterials in chemiluminescence analysis in the last five years were reviewed. Research report consists of two sections. First, the chemiluminescence behavior of gold nanoparticles in the luminol-N-bromosuccinimide system was investigated, the applicaton of this chemiluminescence system for the determination of triprolidine hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride was developed, and the possible mechanism of chemiluminescence reactions was discussed. Second, the effects of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles on the fluorescence of gold nanoclusters were studied. A brief discussion on the mechanism was also undertaken.Part one. A new chemiluminescence method combined with flow injection analysis was developed for the determination of triprolidine hydrochloride. It was based upon the significant enhancing effect of triprolidine hydrochloride on the chemiluminescence reaction of N-bromosuccinimide with luminol in the presence of gold nanoparticles as a catalyzer. Under the optimum conditions, the relative chemiluminescence intensity was linearly related to the concentration of triprolidine hydrochloride in the range of1.0×10-9-7.5×10-7g/mL. The detection limit was2.1×10-10g/mL and the relative standard deviation was1.2%(1.0×10-7g/mL triprolidine hydrochloride solution, n=11). The method was applied to the determination of triprolidine hydrochloride in capsules and the study of interactions of triprolidine hydrochloride with two serum albumins, bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. A discussion on the possible chemiluminescence reaction mechanism was also undertaken.Part two. It was found that gold nanoparticles could enhance the chemiluminescence signal of the luminol-N-bromosuccinimide system. The chemiluminescence signal could be furtherly enhanced in the presence of clenbuterol hydrochloride. However, the presence of clenbuterol hydrochloride without the gold nanoparticles had no significant effect on the luminol-N-bromosuccinimide reaction system. Under the selected experimental conditions, the relative chemiluminescence intensity was linear with the concentration of clenbuterol hydrochloride in the range of7.5×10-9-1×10-6g/mL with a detection limit of3.5×10-9g/mL. The relative standard deviations for11repeated measurements of1.0×10-7g/mL clenbuterol hydrochloride solution was1.3%. The method was applied to the determination of clenbuterol hydrochloride in synthetic urine. A discussion on the possible chemiluminescence reaction mechanism was carried out.Part three. Metal nanoparticles exhibit the localized surface plasmon resonance effects. When the metal nanoparticles are excited by incident light, due to the internal free electrons synergistic oscillate to generate localized surface plasmon resonance, the local electromagnetic field on the metal nanostructures surface has been greatly enhanced, showing strong surface plasmon resonance absorption. Surface plasmon resonance is associated with the surface distance (d) between fluorescent substance and the surface of metal nanoparticles/film. When the surface distance was between5nm and20nm, the fluorescence of fluorescent substance was enhanced by metal nanoparticles/film. When the surface distance was smaller than5nm, the fluorescent substance transferred the emission to the metal nanoparticle/film and return to the ground state via non-radiative energy. As a result, the fluorescence of fluorescent substance decreased. The effects of nanoparticles on the fluorescence of gold nanoclusters were studied. The fluorescence intensity and lifetime of gold nanoclusters change by adding the nanoparticles. The quenching constants were calculated and a possible mechanism was presented.