| Base on the waste of Dictyophora echinovolvata as materials, the bioactive substance of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore and gelatine was studied. The research results were as follows:(1) Development value of Dictyophora echinovolvata waste. Fresh weight ratio, dry weight ratio and moisture content of different parts of Dictyophora echinovolvata were analysed through statistics. The results showed that the dry weight ratio of the fruitbodies of Dictyophora was 31.62%～39.07%, spore was 17.94%～20.51%, and gelatine was 5.28%～9.51%. Content of polysaccharide and total polyphenol in gelatine was highest, and its percentages were 11.51% and 5.951mg/g. Alcohol-extraction of different parts of Dictyophora had different Antioxidant activity. The Dictyophora spore had rich nutrition.The antioxidant activity of broken spore was significantly higher than unbroken spore.(2) Studies on the spore morphology and wall-break methods of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore. The spore morphology was observed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the spore was elliptic, the size of spore is 1.5×3.5μm; partial surface is smooth, and has a concave to form long ridge; the thickness of spore wall is 0.15～0.15μm, and has obvious three layers. Wall-breake method of spores were studied By using biological method, physical method, synthetic method and mechanical method, and mechanical method was the best method, superfine grinding 20 min, wall-breaking rate can reach 90.7%.(3) The volatile oil of broken Dictyophora echinovolvata spore by using Supercritical CO2 extraction. To optimized supercritical CO2 extraction technology of the broken spore, the best technology conditions as follows:extraction time 80min, extraction temperature 45℃, extraction pressure 35MPa, CO2 flow 25L/h; the clearance rate of 20 mg/mL volatile oil can reach 73.66%; The chemical compositions of volatile oil had been analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Thirty-four compositions were identified from volatile oil, and sixteen compositions were detected from Dictyophora indusiata for the first time. Content of unsaturated fatty acid was 42.9%, eicosanol content is 26.27%, and is the highest, followed by oleic acid.(4) Studies on anti-oxidative substance on broken Dictyophora echinovolvata spore. The best extraction method was optimizated and as follows:ethanol concentration 80%, extraction temperature 90℃, extraction time 3h, the ratio of material and liquid 1:40; Dictyophora spore polysaccharide has antioxidant activity. The result of separation and purification of spore ethanol extraction shows that ZS 1 and ZS3 are TLC pure substance, ZS2 was a mixture of three kinds of material, through appraisal analysis ZS1 is organic solvent cumulative substances, ZS3 was linoleic acid, ZS2 was consist of ergosterol,3-alpha-5-Cyclo-5-alpha-ergosta-6, 8,14-al and oleic acid.(5) Studies on anti-bacterial and polysaccharide on Dictyophora echinovolvata gelatine. Dictyophora gelatine ethyl acetate extraction had a strong inhibitory effect to seven foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and eltc; Dictyophora gelatine had antioxidant activity; The best extract condition of Dictyophora gelatine polysaccharide was extraction temperature 99℃, extraction time 2.5h, the ratio of material and liquid 1:3, and pH=2; Dictyophora gelatine polysaccharide was separated by using the method of classifying alcohol sink, polysaccharide content of 90% alcohol is 83.09%, and was purified by using DE-52 cellulose chromatography into ZJ1 and ZJ2, ZJ1 and ZJ2 does not contain impurities with spectrum analysis. |
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