The Processing, Structure And Properties Of High Saturation Composites

In the dissertation, the high saturation rubber matrix material which used in oil-gas exploited conditions was systematic studied. The conventional rubber composite materials (lower than 150℃) could not meet the need of the extreme environment of high-temperature and high-pressure as the oil exploration in deep reservoir. Development of a novel rubber composite materials (used above 150℃) for long-term work has increasingly become the technical difficulties for the petroleum production engineering. Therefore, the high saturation hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber and their blends were empolied as polymer matrix respectively, and the synergistic reinforcement behaviour between ionic polymer and carbon black was studied, The processing, structure and properties of high saturation composites were investigated. This dissertation consists of the following four parts:The first part, hydrogenated nitrile rubber composites were prepared by using ZMMA or the mixture of ZMMA and carbon black,OMMT as reinforcing agent, respectively. The effect of ZMMA contents and its combinationrate with other reinforcing agent on the properties of HNBR composites were studied. The ZMMA homopolymerization and morphology structure evolution of ZMMA during the vulcanization process were studied by DSC, TG, SEM, then the effects of curing time on the physical and mechanical properties of HNBR composites were investigated. The results showed that with an increase in the amount of ZMMA, scorch and vulcanization time were relatively shorter, the crosslink degree increased, and the 100% strength and tear strength relativant little to the orient behavior increased, however, the elongation at break decreased. When the amount of ZMMA was 30 phr, the rubber composite showed the maximum performance. Both the fastest decomposed temperature from the analysis of TG and the Tg from that of DSC shifted to the high temperature, the thermal stability for HNBR composite was improved due to the presence of P-ZMMA particle; less amount of OMMT could be dispersed into system as nanoscale and the mechanical properties of composites was improved. While the increasing OMMT content, the grain of OMMT is more likely to cluster and lead to stress concentration points, so that reducing the mechanical properties. From the analysis of TG and DSC, we can see that the OMMT is able to improve the thermal stability. When ZMMA/CB as reinforcing agent,the HNBR composites got the best mechanical properties.The second part, fluororubber were filled with different particle size carbon black and ZMMA, the effects of them on properties of FKM composites were investigated. The results showed the cure rate of FKM was faster with the carbon particle size increased. When N220 as reinforcement, the tensile strength and tear strength of FKM appeared peak value, indicated that the catbon black of N220 could improve the FKM mechanical strength. The thermal analysis showed that FKM had good cold and hot resistance.The third part, effect of different FKM dosage on thermal compatibility, mechanical properties and anti-ageing characteristic of HNBR rubber composites was investigated. The results showed that two rubbers are partially compatible when the amount of FKM was less than 20 phr. With an increase in the content of FKM, the crosslink efficient was obviously improved, but tensile strength was opposite exactly. The sample containing 10% of FKM,100% elongation strength, elongation at break and tear strength showed the best performance and the rubber composites appeared excellent anti-aging.The fourth part, the effect of hot air aging on structure and physical-mechanical properties of HNBR is studied in this paper. The effect of different fillers on hot air aging properties of HNBR is also studied. The thermal aging mechanism is studied by analyzing the effect of the fillers on the hot air aging properties. The fillers include SiO2, ZMMA and antioxidants can also improve the hot air aging properties of HNBR. Effect of antioxidant types on vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of HNBR rubber composites was investigated, and the effect of Nargard 445 antioxidant dosage on the properties of HNBR rubber composites was discussed in detail. With an increase in the content of Nargard 445, mooney viscosity and tear strength decreased, and the HNBR rubber composite showed the highest tensile strength when the content of Nargard 445 was 1.5 phr. In the scope of the experiment, the content of Nargard 445 had little effect on the crosslink efficient, and no change of Tg for the HNBR rubber composites was observed. The Nargard 445 antioxidant is suitable in the peroxide vulcanization system for HNBR.