The Study On Synthesis And Application Of Phosphorus-containing Flame Retardant Polyol

Polyurethane foams are widely used in construction, light industry, transportation, storage, aerospace and other fields Because of its excellent electrical, mechanical, acoustic and resistance to chemical corrosion. However, the flame retardancy of polyurethane foam is usually poor. The polyurethane foam of the rigid foam without flame retardant is easily combustion, and the combustion process releases large amounts of toxic gases(CO, NO, HCNO etc.) and smoke, and is great potential harm to people’s life and health and property safety. The physical flame retardants can improve the flame retardancy of polyurethane in a certain extent, but have a negative effect on the dimensional stability of polyurethane structure, and physical performance etc. The flame retardant will migrate with time and continuous precipitation, reducing its flame retardancy and cause environmental pollution. In present paper, through chemical method, namely combinding flame retardant elements, efficient group and rigid structure into the polyol, we get effective flame retardant polyols with durable good flame resistant performance. the main results and conclusions are as follows:1、Using ethanol and phosphorus pentoxide as main raw material, we synthesized phosphorus flame retardant intermediates. The influence of various factors on acid value was studied by the orthogonal optimization experiment and further optimization experiments. The factor order for acid nubmer of the phosphorus flame retardant is: material ratio >the types of alcohol > holding time. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by the orthogonal experiment.2、The above phosphorus flame retardant intermediate was used to react with epoxy chloropropane. The obtained phosphorus flame retardant polyols showed stable performance and good flame retardancy. The influence of catalyst, holding temperature, holding time and material ratio on the product acid value gradually increased in this orde, which was obtained by the orthogonal optimization experiment. The infrared spectra of products were also characterized.3 、 Using the material of paraformaldehyde and flame retardant intermediate and pentaerythrite. We design and synthesize three liquid multiple flame retardant polyols with efficient flame-retardant4、The preparation of rigid flame polyurethane foams were made by one-step foam method, which has excellent flame retardant properties.