Study On The Change Of Ecological Assets And The Eco - Environmental Effects Of Shangri - La City In Northwest

People gradually realize that the ecosystem hasn’t only used directly as natural resources by human, but also has the invisible service function in the process of social economy demands and the growing contradiction between resources and environment protection. With the sacrifice of the ecological environment and the consumption of natural resources at the expense of traditional economic growth, social development methods cannot meet the general requirements of human sustainable development, which makes the value of natural resources and ecosystem services as the core of ecological assets evaluation becoming the focus of the current related discipline research.Shangri-la, the city which is located in northwest of Yunnan province, is studied in this paper. The Landsat1 MSS, Landsat5 TM, Landsat7 ETM+, Landsat8 TM image are respectively from the year of 1974, 1989, 2003 and 2013 as the basic information sources, by using the data of RS and GIS interpretation process to obtain the spatial distribution of each type of land use area, vegetation coverage and soil erosion, etc, which combined with the ecological assets, landscape pattern and ecological environment quality evaluation system and method, there are three kinds of nearly 40 years ecological assets change of Shangri-la city and its ecological environment effect of quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The main research contents and results are as follows:(1) Shangri-la, nearly 40 years of ecological assets has been declining. The ecological assets have respectively reached to 13.836 billion yuan, 12.955 billion yuan and 12.955 billion yuan respectively, 12.359 billion yuan from the year of 1974, 1989, 2003 and 2013. The value per unit area of ecological asset were 12122.75 yuan/(Yr?hm2), 11350.84 yuan/(Yr?hm2), 10116.37 yuan/(Yr?hm2) and 10828.74 yuan/(Yr?hm2). The total assert of the top four in the eleven jurisdiction of the villages and towns, respectively is Geza、Jiantang、Dongwang and Luoji, the asset account of the ecological value of the four villages and towns are more than 52% of the city, and the per unit area of the ecological asset value in the top three of the villages and towns is the town which are called Jinjiang, Shangjiang and Luoji. From the point of ecosystem types, the forest ecosystem distribution area is the most widely also is one of the main ecological asset output, the output value accounts for 82.89%- 84.24% of the total assets; Shrub land ecological system output value accounts for 7.57%-12.17% of the total assets; Grassland ecological system output value accounts for 0.27%-5.17% of the total assets, other types of the total output of ecosystem less than 5%.(2) It shows the obvious differences in the value of ecosystem services and changes with the different city status of Shangri-la city. Four kinds of class of ecosystem services value discretion in turn: regulating services﹥support services﹥supply services﹥cultural services. Results from the study for years, 9 secondary class ecosystem service value of high and low in turn: Soil formation and protection﹥ water conservation﹥gas regulating﹥biodiversity conservation﹥climate regulation ﹥ production of raw materials ﹥ waste disposal ﹥ entertainment culture ﹥ food production. Nearly 40 years of research within the term of all kinds of ecosystem services have a significant change, which in addition, food production and waste disposal services value with 1989 and 2003 as a turning point in the "N" glyph volatility changes, the value of the remaining 7 class service become a turning point in 2003, which shows the variation of " reduction to increase ".(3) The landscape indexes of heterogeneity and diversity of Shangri-la city in recent 40 years have been increasing. The PD has increased 5674 from 1974 to 1974, MPS decreased 335.0141 hm2, ED increased 22.3759 m/hm2, SHDI index increased 0.2037, SHEI index increased 0.0926 which showed that the landscape diversity of Shangri-la city slightly strengthen during the study period, but AI decreases, FI and heterogeneity increase(4)The ecological environmental quality is on the decline in Shangri-la in the nearly 40 years. The comprehensive indexes of ecological environmental quality of Shangri-la were respectively 66.28, 66.12, 62.61 and 66.03 from the year of 1974, 1989, 2003 and 2013, and the ecological environment as a whole rapid changes, the quality presents a good level essentially for human survival(but presents below average level).From the landscape patterns and the evaluation system of ecological environment quality, the environment with the reduce of ecological asset decline in the city of Shangri-la nearly 40 years during the study period. Because of the research of space and time span, availability of data and the continuous improvement of the research system, which makes some limitations for the results in the study, and related research is still necessary to be further carried out.