Ammonia Volatilization Characteristics And Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation Of Different Types Of Soils

In recent years, the phenomenon of excessive application of nitrogen in Northeast China is widespread, that not only increased the nitrogen loss, reduced the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, effected the economic benefits of agricultural production, but also polluted the air and underground water, influenced the normal life of human. In order to know the loss quantity and regular of farmland nitrogen by ammonia volatilization and nitrate accumulation, improve the use efficiency of nitrogen, three field experiments on three types of soils namely alluvial soil, black soil and sandy soil of continuous four years in the same climate condition were conducted in Lishu county Jilin Province to research the ammonia volatilization characteristics and nitrate nitrogen accumulation in different nitrogen levels, and aim to discover the difference of ammonia volatilization and nitrate accmumlation on different soils, as well as the effect of different nitrogen levels, which will give a theoretical basis for the control of nitrogen fertilizer pollution to the environment and agricultural production. The results showed:1、Under the same climatic conditions and nitrogen level, the maximum cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of alluvial soil, black soil and sandy soil respectively are 27.29kgN/ha、31.69kgN/ha、45.18kgN/ha, and the decreased rate of ammonia volatilization respectively were 5.97%-7.50%,7.05%-8.68%and 11.31%-12.70%. So the level of ammonia volatilization in three soils was sandy soil>black soil>alluvial soil, and significantly positively correlated with soil pH. The maximum rate of ammonia volatilization in alluvial soil,black soil and sandy soil respectively were 2.19kg/(hm2·d) 、 3.94kg/(hm2·d) 、 6.63kg/(hm2·d), the maximum rate of ammonia volatilization in topdressing period respectively were 2.1 times, 2.6 times and 2.5 times compare with base period.2、Study on the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of different soils shows that under the same climatic conditions and nitrogen level, researched the maize yield and nitrate nitrogen accumulation, the phenomenon was alluvial soil>black soil>sandy soil, and when the application of fertilizer is 240kg/ha, the maize yield is maximum in three soils, and the nitrate nitrogen accumulation amount of soils will not pollute the groundwater.3、In different growth periods of maize, the change of NO3--N distribution in 0-60 cm soil layer in early period fluctuation,affected by nitrogen application and maize yield, the change of NO3--N distribution in 120-200 cm soil layer in later period is obvious, affected by NO3--N leaching, and the main change degree depends on the characteristic of different soils.4、The order of nitrogen apparent loss efficiency in different soils was alluvial soil>sandy soil>black soil when the nitrogen application content increased to a certain extent.In summary, under the same climatic conditions and nitrogen level, for ammonia volatilization in three soils, the order was sandy soil>black soil>alluvial soil, for nitrate nitrogen accumulation, the order was alluvial soil>black soil> sandy soil; for nitrogen apparent loss, the order was alluvial soil>sandy soil> black soil when the nitrogen application content increased to a certain extent. The maize yield was maximum when the application of fertilizer is 240kg/ha, and the NO3--N leaching amount of soils will not pollute the groundwater.