Study On Special Fertilizers For Nitrogen Reduction And Efficiency Increase In Summer Maize On Loam Chao Soil

Maize is one of the most important crops in China and is widely used in agriculture and industry in the world.The northern Henan area is an important corn production base in China,and this area is dominated by loam soil.As an important material guarantee for agricultural production,chemical fertilizers not only bring high yield to crops,but also bring some negative effects on agriculture,such as soil hardening,acidification,salinization,groundwater pollution,etc.The technology of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency can realize the high and stable yield of summer maize under the condition of reducing fertilizer.In this paper,a series of studies were carried out on the preparation of time-reducing and synergistic compound fertilizer for summer maize in loamy tidal soil in northern henan.(1)The selected fertilizers reduced nitrogen by 20%compared with the local conventional fertilizers,the summer maize yields of long-term slow-release fertilizers,short-term slow-release fertilizers and summer maize fertilizers were11770.05 kg/hm~2,12049.20 kg/hm~2 and 11779.65 kg/hm~2,respectively,and increased by 0.60%,2.99%and 0.68%compared with the traditional fertilizers,and the partial nitrogen productivity reached 70.06 kg/kg,71.72 kg/kg and 70.12 kg/kg,respectively.The seed test results of mature maize showed that the total grain weight of short-acting slow-release fertilizer was 693.51 g,and that the hundred grain weight of all the selected fertilizers was higher than that of the local customary fertilizers.(2)The results of the migration test of formula fertilizers with different nitrogen contents in the soil of the interfacial microregion showed that the volume of available nitrogen entering the soil under the treatment of high,medium and low nitrogen was 53.54mg,48.15mg and 44.24mg,and the migration distance was78mm,78mm and 76mm,respectively.The proportion of soil nitrogen in the total nitrogen content was 44.48%,59.58%and 68.09%,respectively.The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer had no obvious effect on the migration distance of nitrogen nutrition in the soil,but had a certain effect on the migration ratio of nitrogen.The migration distance of all available phosphorus treatments was 12 mm,and the proportion entering the soil was 14.50%,14.08%and 15.05%,respectively.The migration distance of available potassium was 62 mm,56 mm and 50 mm,and the proportion of entering soil was 69.29%,67.16%and 59.72%,respectively,Nitrogen application can directly affect the migration process of available potassium in soil.(3)The preparation of summer maize fertilizer by aggregate granulation was studied and the process was optimized.When CMC-Na with a concentration of0.4%is used as the binder and the packing ratio is 15%(bentonite to humic acid ratio is 7:3),the compound fertilizer particles prepared have the best performance.At this time,the effective composition of fertilizer is 21.9-10-10,the average particle strength is 41.2 N,and the granulation rate is 85.3%.