Research Of Finger Print And Determination Of Volatile Compounds Of Beef Liver

Beef liver is the vital organs in Beef body which store nutrients, and it contains rich of active substances, vitamins and minerals necessary for human, at the same time has the function of nutrition and health. But there are differences in the breed of beef and living environment, the quality and flavor of beef liver there are also differences. Therefore, how to effectively evaluate and monitor the quality of beef liver. This requires the establishment of an effective and quickly method to accurately evaluate the overall quality of beef liver. This study selected yak liver and xuehua beef(( Qinchuan beef♀×Angus Beef♂) F1♀×Japanese wagyu♂) liver samples as a test subject, and local xiqin hybrid beef( Qinchuan beef♀×Simmental beef♂) liver as control samples, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS)determined volatile compounds of three Beef liver, using a total peak and principal component analysis of two data analysis methods were established yak liver and Qinchuan beef liver volatile compounds fingerprints, and using the method of system clustering to the established fingerprint similarity analysis. The experiment results are as follows:1 50 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in three Beef liver, including hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, aromatics and so on. Xuehua beef liver and Yak liver samples were detected in 38 and 31 kinds of volatile compounds respectively, both beef liver species similar volatile compounds, but its contents were larger differences, hydrocarbons and aldehydes are Yak liver and Qinchuan beef liver main volatile compounds. Compounds detected including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and heterocyclic compounds to beef liver overall flavor larger contribution.2 Using common peaks established xuehua beef liver volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint, choose benzaldehyde as a reference of chromatogram peak area normalization processing, choose the Sr > 0.1 of the volatile compounds are common peak, which get 33 common peaks as the xuehua beef liver volatile compound characteristic fingerprint. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the similarity analysis showed that the first three principal components extracted cumulative contribution rate is 84.071%, while the Euclidean distance is between 13-20, can effectively distinguish xuehua beef liver samples and the control group beef liver samples. It is proved that the established fingerprint of xuehua beef liver is efficient.3 Using common peaks established Yak liver volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint, which get 19 common peaks as the Yak liver volatile compound characteristic fingerprint. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the similarity analysis showed that the first tow principal components extracted cumulative contribution rate is 83.314%, while the Euclidean distance is between 15-20, can effectively distinguish Yak liver samples and the control group beef liver samples. It is proved that the established fingerprint of Yak liver is efficient.4 Using principal component analysis established xuehua beef liver samples volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint, got tetradecane, E-2-octenyl aldehyde, nonanal, decanal, tridecane, pentadecane, benzothiazole, 2,4-decadienal, pentadecylene, tetradecanal and pentadecanal 11 kinds of volatile compounds as xuehua beef liver volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint substances. The results of cluster analysis verification showed that the Euclidean distance is between 15-20, can effectively distinguish xuehua beef liver samples and the control group beef liver samples. Therefore, based on the principal component analysis method to establish the xuehua beef liver fingerprint is feasible.6 Using principal component analysis established Yak liver samples volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint, got 3-Methyl butanal, octane, decane, tetradecane, dodecane, E-2-Nonenal, pentadecane, E-2-decenal, pentanol, heptanal, Allyl butanoate and 1-Phenylhexane 12 kinds of volatile compounds as Yak liver volatile compounds characteristic fingerprint substances. The results of cluster analysis verification showed that the Euclidean distance is between 10-15, can effectively distinguish Yak liver samples and the control group beef liver samples. Therefore, based on the principal component analysis method to establish Yak liver fingerprint is feasible.The study of the xuehua beef liver and yak liver volatile compounds were determined, at the same time, using the common peak method and principal component analysis established the beef liver fingerprint, comparison found that based on principal component analysis to establish the fingerprint in the choice of less the characteristic of volatile compounds cases achieved common peak method to establish a fingerprint is similar to distinguish the effect, therefore, based on principal component analysis method to establish the xuehua beef liver and yak liver fingerprint is feasible. Xuehua beef fingerprint contain 11 kinds characteristic volatile compounds, those substances work together gives xuehua beef liver green fragrance, fat incense and similar barbecue flavor; and yak liver characteristic fingerprint contains 12 kinds of characteristic volatile compounds, they work together give yak liver sample oil and aromatic flavor.