The Protections Mechanism Research Of Cyanidin Of Cyanidin-3-glucoside Against Cadmium And Lead Induced Toxicity In Rats

Cadmium and lead as two environmental pollutants are got a lot of attention that long-term use and extensive contacts will inevitably bring environment pollution and potential harm of human. Cyanidin-3-glucosides, a kinds of powerful antioxidant, shown to possess scavenging free radicals, antiflammation, inhibit lipid peroxidation and liver and kidney damage protect effection. In order to explore the protective mechanisms of anthocyanins against cadmium and lead,this experiments setting cadmium(5mg/kg) and lead(0.5mg/kg)pollutant control group、cadmium and lead treated low(100mg/kg)and high(200mg/kg)protection group and control check that gavage anthocyanins before intraperitoneal injection of heavy metals. The oxidative stress、physiological damage index and pathological morhoplogy analysis of typical detoxification organs of liver and kidney and study of pathological morphology and related signal transduction pathways of reproductive organ of testicular tissue is done to explore the mechanism of cy-3-glu against on rat liver,kidney and testis. The result show that:(1)Cy-3-glu show significant improvement effect against of cadmium and lead induced deterioration for the growth of rats. The final bodyweight of cadmium pollute group show significantly decrease(P<0.05)compared with control check(CK)group. The liver, kidney, testicular, thymus organ coefficient of this group ascend(P <0.05)significantly to CK group. High and low dose protection group against to cadmium show significantly rising trend on body weight to cadmium control groups. There no significant change for organ coefficient of lead treated groups.(2)Cy-3-glu can alleviate the cadmium and lead induced liver injury in rats that shown by the activate of the liver antioxidant enzyme activity and the significantly reduce of the active oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation products. Thus, play an important role in improve the ability of oxidative stress of liver. A very significant increase in the level of AST in the serum of cadmium-treated rats compred with CK(P<0.01). The activities of SOD and POD of this group also show significant increase(P<0.05). High dose protection group of cadmium has a significant effect against cadmium-treated group(P<0.05)that AST and SOD of this group show significant changes. The activities of SOD and POD of lead and its relevant high and low protection groups show increase trend with rise of anthocyanins. Further liver pathology observations show cadmium and lead caused disordered arrangement, obviously degeneration, severe cavitation of liver cells. With the anthocyanins from low to high,the liver cell water degeneration and cavitation etc symptoms obviously alleviate and the structures of lobular returned to normal of protection groups.(3)Cy-3-glu can relieve the kidney damage caused by cadmium and lead that proved by eased effect of it on kidney damage indicator of SD rats and also by obviously improve effect of it on renal pathological morphological changes. Serum urea and creatinine of pollutant groups show increase tendency compare to the CK group. And these index of protection groups show decrease tendency compare to pollutant groups. Pathology observation showd that cadmium and lead causd the rats renal tubular epithelial cells deformation, glomerular cells increased and interstitial hyperplasia of fibre. Low dose protection group rats glomerular cell and mesangial area present a recovery state with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating, the symptom of malpighian tube lumen narrowed show obviously improved.(4)Cy-3-glu can improve the rats testicular damage caused by cadmium and lead that characterized by significant hormone level changes and obvious improvement of pathological morhoplogical changes of cadmium and lead treated SD rats groups. Testicular injury in rats caused by cadmium and lead are observed that the testosterone of the pollutant control group significant decreased to CK group(P<0.01). The testosterone of lead-treated cy-3-glu protection groups increase obviously. Histopathological observed results show that seminiferous epithelia cell decrease,support cells appear obvious cavitation. The number of rats cortex on sperm production show normal state and the cell arranged orderly in low dose protection groups. High dose of anthocyanins protection groups rats testicular damage symptoms improved significantly. ConclusionsCadmium and lead can cause liver, kidney and testis damage in rats. Cyanidin-3-glucosides maily protect against this kinds of damage by its antagonism oxidative stress, also may due to its chelating heavy metal and anti-inflammatory effect.