Application Of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) In Zhejiang Coast, China

A newly developed in situ method, Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT), is reported to be an effective tool to monitor the biotoxins. Here, we conducted a time series study to investigate the application of SPATT (DIAION(?)P20) along the Coast of Gouqi Island and Nanji Island, Zhejiang Province, East China Sea on an approximately 10-day harvest basis in conjunction with sampling of local mussels during April 2014 to April 2015. We present laboratory-based adsorption profiles characterizing the performance of five SPATT resins, which are HP20, HP2MGL, SP825L, XAD4 and XAD7HP, and the results showed that HP20 was the most responsive resin in terms of its adsorptive behavior with OA, DTX1 and PTX2.Field trails along the Coast of Gouqi Island and Nanji Island indicated that:(1) Within the 20 kinds of LSTs, OA, DTX1, Yessotoxin (YTX), homoYTX, 45-OH-homoYTX, PTX2,7-epi-PTX2sa, Gymnodimine (GYM) and Azaspiracids-3 (AZA3) were detected in SPATT discs or mussels by LC-MS/MS. OA and DTX1 were the dominant toxins in mussels, the contents of which were took over 36.8% and 43.9%, respectively, of total composition of LSTs. OAplus DTX1 in 5.3% of mussel samples collected from Nanji Island were over the international threshold (45 ng OA e.q./g shellfish meat).(2) OA, DTX1, homo YTX, PTX2 and GYM were the predominant toxin obtained both in Gouqi Island and Nanji Island Coast. In general, OA, DTX1, homoYTX, PTX2 and GYM contents in Nanji Island Coast were obviously greater than that in Gouqi Island Coast at the same time, indicating that Nanji Island Coast is suffering a serious LSTs pollution. And the temporal distribution of those toxins in both Islands were similar (summer, autumn> spring> winter).(3) SPATT resin (HP20) is more sensitive than mussels in adsorbing OA, DTX1 and PTX2, indicating that SPATT with resin HP20 has the potential to offer a universal early warning method for micro-algae toxins.Thereafter, in the trial of early warning and forcasting the DSP event in the Gouqi Island Coast, we found that the distribution of OA, DTX1, homoYTX, PTX2 and GYM were higher at the North outliers of mussel aquaculture than local island in the season of spring, summer and winter, possibly due to the water input from Changjiang River. The situation was opposite when autumn came. Therefore, an early warning strategy was established that SPATT discs shall be deployed and monitored at the North outliers of mussel aquaculture monthly from the month of November to next June, and weekly at Gouqi Island from the month of July to October. Our research was the first trial to establish the local early warning strategy and will benefit the local government to protect consumers and international shellfish-trade.