Emergency Evacuation Study Of Environmental Emergencies

With the continuous development of chemical industry, production of toxic chemicals showed a rapid upward trend, this has resulted in a certain degree of probability on toxic chemical spill occurred in the production, processing, transportation, storage process are greatly increased, such environmental emergencies will cause a lot of casualties, to minimize casualties, we should carry out a reasonable, timely and effective emergency evacuation when the sudden environmental emergencies happened, therefore, research about the emergency evacuation are imperative.In terms of evacuation scoping, previous emergency evacuation can’t accurately determine the scope of the emergency evacuation, causing heavy casualties and human, material and financial resources wasted staff;In terms of interior emergency evacuation, for the analysis of the importance of indoor evacuation time factors do not have a quantitative, resulted in the daily can not do a good job of prevention and preparedness; In terms of the best evacuation route decisions of the outdoor emergency evacuation, ignoring the study of single source multiple sinks、multiple sources and sinks of、evacuation route capacity constraints of each link and capacity constraints of the safe evacuation point, obviously,it does not match the reality of the situation, it is difficult to reflect the actual situation of the emergency evacuation when the sudden environmental emergencies occurred.In summary, in this paper, launch a certain degree of research about the above-mentioned lack of respect. Using the ALOHA software to accurately determine the impact of environmental emergencies incidents range, according hurt dose of toxic chemicals(ERPG-3、ERPG-2、ERPG-1)the accident area turn into lethal area, seriously injured area, slightly injured area, the three regions are the emergency evacuation of the range; For indoor emergency evacuation, using hydraulic model to calculate the internal structure of the emergency evacuation time, using orthogonal test and range analysis to analyze the importance of influencing factors, the results show that to the indoor emergency evacuation time(T), floor staff all through the stairwell entrance time(T3) is the most, therefore, whether person in the room can be completed for emergency evacuation in the safe evacuation time, T3 is crucial, in terms of T3, ∑ p(The number of people using the two-story stairwell to evacuation) is the most important factor, W(Second floor stairwell entrance width) is the least important factor, N(Stairwell by a factor) is between the ∑ p and W, according this conclusion to do prevention work that is to design a good plan for the building in advance, for the purposes of T3, the number of people ∑ p is not controllable variable, stairwells are given value by a factor, so, the only way is to have a rational plan and design for W, so as to complete the staff evacuation before toxic chemicals affect the safety of people in building; In terms of the best evacuation route decisions of the outdoor emergency evacuation, proposing the N1 shortest evacuation time thought, transfer the single-source multi-sink problem into a single-source single sinks and consider the problem of limited capacity of the route to make simulation and calculation results are more in line with the actual situation of evacuation. first of all, using Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the feasible route set, then, according to the relevant lemma to get the collection of the best evacuation route which have the shortest evacuation ending time T, and in the preferred route set, each route of evacuation ending time T is equal, in the last, calculating the shortest evacuation end time T and each number of people on the evacuation route N1. In this paper, making a detailed description about the operational procedures and algorithms and launching the examples of operation.