Synthesis And Performance Prediction Of High-energy Compounds Derived From Azofurazan And Azoxyfurazan

At present, azofurazan and azoxyfurazan have become one of the hotspots in the field of energy materials for their high-energy density, high heats of formation, good oxygen balance and excellent heat resistant performance in nature.3,4-Diaminofurazan(DAF) was synthesized by a one-step method which was obtained by using glyoxal and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the starting material, and its reaction mechanism and impact factors were discussed.3-Amino-3’-nitro-4,4’-azofurazan(ANAzF) was synthesized from DAF via three steps, those were:the reactions of oxidation, coupling and reduction.3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azofurazan(DAAzF) was synthesized by using the oxidant NaClO from DAF. DAAzF was nitrated with pure nitric acid to obtain 3,3’-dinitramino-4,4’-azofurazan(DNAAzF). Diammonium salt of DNAAzF, dihydrazinium salt of DNAAzF, dihydroxylammonium salt of DNAAzF, diguanidinium salt of DNAAzF and di(diaminogua-nidinium) salt of DNAAzF were prepared from aqueous ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, guanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine monohydrochloride by using DNAAzF as the starting material. The reaction mechanism and influence factors for the synthetic compounds were investigated, and the optimal reaction conditions for ANAzF, DAAzF, DNAAzF, diammoni-um salt and di(diaminoguanidinium) salt were determined.3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azoxyfurazan(DAAF) was synthesized by using the oxidant potassium peroxomonosulfate from DAF. DAAF was oxidized by different oxidation systems to obtain 3-amino-3’-nitro-4,4’-azoxyfurazan(ANAF) and 3,3’-dinitro-4,4’-azoxyfurazan (DNAF).3-Azide-3’-nitro-4,4’-azoxyfurazan was synthesized from DAAF via the reactions of diazotization and oxidation. The reaction mechanism and influence factors for target compounds and their intermediates were investigated, and the optimal reaction conditions for DAAF, ANAF, DNAF, AAAF and 3-azide-3’-nitro-4,4’-azoxyfurazan were determined.The structures of the synthetic compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The detonation performances of these compounds were estimated and the results showed that the furazan compounds with azo or azoxy can increase the heats of formation and thermal stability; nitro or nitroamino or azido can improve their energy density, oxygen balance, heats of formation, detonation velocity and detonation pressure; energetic ionic salts can significantly enhance their nitrogen content and thermal stability.