An Integrated Ultrasonic-Assisted Ultra-Turrax Homogenization Extraction Of Oil From Vitis Amurensis Rupr Seeds And Evaluation Of Its Quality

There is about 14%-20% oil in V. amurensis Rupr seed, and the major unsaturated fatty acid of the oil is the linoleic acid, which accounts to 64%-74%. The grape seed oil can prevent the thrombosis, expand the blood vessel and eliminate the sediment of blood cholesterin. Tannins, vitamin E and phenolic compounds in the oil are believed to provide a range of benefits including antioxidation, anti-aging, antitumor and free radical scavenge. Grape seed oil is gaining popularity as a product with potential to be used in pharmaceutical, healthcare, hairdressing and cosmetic. Recently, most of the grape seed oil in domestic was produced by conventional extraction methods, with some shortcoming of low oil yields and long extraction time. In this study, integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization technology was used for oil extraction from V. amurensis Rupr seeds, and the oil yield was compared with other extraction methods, like solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and Ultra-Turrax homogenate-assisted extraction. Then, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, total phenol, vitamin E content and antioxidant activity of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil was investigated; Finally, the oil oxidative stability was detected under accelerated storage conditions (60℃ and UV-B radiation). The research provided the theory basis with exploitation and utilization of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil in the food industry.The research results were as follows:1. The integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction of oil from V. amurensis Rupr seed was optimized and determined.Integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction technology is a mechanical treatment for oil extraction through ultrasonic shock waves produced by imploding cavitation bubbles and shearing force by homogenization, which lead to a thorough release of oil and bioactive constituents from the plant cells. Based on single factor tests, the parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology. The optimum parameters were as follows:particle size 80 mesh, extraction time 16 min, liquid to solid 8:1 mL/g, temperature 40℃, rotating speed 10640 rpm. The higher oil recovery of 98.31±0.42% was obtained under these conditions.Compared with solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and Ultra-Turrax homogenate-assisted extraction, integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction is more efficient, less time-consuming, small solvent consumption and more mild conditions. It is the best way for the high quality oil extraction from plant materials and will have potential application prospect in the oil extraction field.2. The quality of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil was systematically evaluated.(1) By the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the V. amurensis Rupr seed oil, the result showed that the oil obtained by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction had no obvious differences in sensory, specific gravity, refractive index with the oil obtained by other extraction methods, while the oil extracted by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction exhibited lower acid value (AV) and peroxide value (PV), higher iodine value (IV)and saponification value (SV), indicating the high quality of the oil by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction.(2) The GC-MS analysis showed that the main fatty acid components of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, and linoleic acid was measured to be the dominant content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, it reached about 70%. No significance difference was observed in fatty acid composition and content of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil obtained by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction or other extraction methods.(3) Contents of total polyphenols and VE in V. amurensis Rupr seed oil were determined. V. amurensis Rupr seed oil by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction had higher contents of total polyphenols (65.18 mg/100g) and VE (56.88 mg/100g), which demonstrated that the technology can extract the oil and bioactive components from the materials at the same time.(4) V. amurensis Rupr seed oil obtained by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity with the IC50 values of 25.30 mg/mL for DPPH scavenging activity assay and 7.89 mg/mL for β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching test, respectively.3. The effect of high temperature and UV-B radiation on the oxidation stability of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil was studied.Under 60℃ and UV-B accelerated storage conditions, acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid-reacitive substances (TBARS) experienced a fast increases with the time. The oxidation stability of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil obtained by integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction was better than those of oil by other extraction methods.The research established an integrated ultrasonic-assisted Ultra-Turrax homogenization extraction of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil, systematically evaluated the oil quality, and detected the oxidation stability of V. amurensis Rupr seed oil under accelerated storage conditions. The research developed a new extraction technology for the utilization of V. amurensis Rupr seed and provided important data for V. amurensis Rupr seed oil further exploitation.