Research On The Non-point Source Pollution Characteristics Analysis And Control And Management Of Huaihe Basin

As the gradual improvement of the control for industrial point source pollution,the contribution on agricultural non-point source pollution in China is more and more prominent. Huaihe basin as one of the earliest major waters to carryout water pollution prevention and control in China, the work has to be strong typical and representative.After the implementation of three “five--year” plans to harness the Huaihe basin,although the total amount of emissions have to be cut, the situation of waters is still grim,and the phenomenon of water quality exceeding the water standard is still very common.With deepening research on non- point source pollution, pollution control in Huaihe basin has gradually focused on the comprehensive coordination for point and diffuse sources. But due to lack of recent, detailed quantitative research, which restricts the development of systemic measures for watershed nonpoint source pollution control.This paper integratively uses the non-point source pollution unit evaluating methods and IMPULSE simulation that were established by Tsinghua University.Through the Survey of non-point source pollution and related literature analysis,redefine the existing coefficient range in order to obtain a more effective results,the calculating results were input IMPULSE model to quantitatively identify watershed nonpoint source pollution characteristics of time,space and units.With agricultural soil nutrient balance analysis,recognize nitrogen and phosphorus balance of livestock farming and fertilizers. This kind of combination could fully understand the watershed point source pollution characteristics, identify the main drivers of agricultural pollution.Then combines with scenario analysis and modeling tools to assess the effects of policies,makes reasonable nonpoint source pollution control policies.Results of the study show that Huaihe basin emissions of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and COD were respectively 6.33,1.10 and 30.87 million tons in average raining year.Major pollution units of agricultural activities are livestock and poultry feeding,agricultural fertilizers, soil erosion,secondary pollution units are solid waste farmland,rural life and organic fertilizer.The region of Henan province is with the largest emissions and lesser extent is Anhui or Jiangsu,Shandong region at least.As the currently planting structure in Huaihe basin,the stocking rate on the unit arable land should not be exceed 35 to 36 head(pig equivalent) per hectare. arable land Carrying capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus in Huaihe basin respectively is 290.54 kgN/hm2.a and 77.96 kgP2O5/hm2.a. Average arable land nitrogen meets the Carrying capacity,but the phosphate is over 0.37 times, therefore phosphate fertilizer application should be controlled.Livestock unit is the most important contribution to the Huaihe basin non-point source pollution,but as the current feeding scale,there is a certain carrying capacity. By improving wastewater treatment rate and the rate of livestock manure to field,the amount of non-point source pollution can be effectively cut,so livestock pollution control and comprehensive utilization of resources should be combined,depending on different feeding scale for different ecological feeding model,establishing ecological livestock sector by bio-reactor for methane.The maximum nitrogen and phosphorus consumption amount can be calculated for the size and structure of farming farmland, in order to determine the appropriate fertilizer level and the corresponding reduction.Agricultural fertilizer pollution can be effectively cut by this way.The management of Huaihe basin non-point source pollution could be classified, different units should be presented, serious polluted areas and the opposite should be distinguished,control demonstration areas could be founded in key-point pollution region.The results obtained in this study has practical significance for Huaihe River Basin non-point source pollution control, the methodological framework has a certain reference for other waters to carry out non-point source pollution control decision analysis.