| In recent years, dominated by CO2 emissions of greenhouse gases caused by global warming and other global environmental issues have been widespread concern of the government and the academic circles of all countries and regions in the world. As a response to global warming, reducing the source sink enhancement has become the focus of academic research at home and abroad, but also become the domestic and foreign many ecological construction project is one of the main goals, which endows the karst rocky desertification many deeper practical significance. Rocky desertification control can not only obtain carbon sequestration benefits, also effectively control and even reverse the rocky desertification ecosystem inverse evolution process in the karst rocky desertification area. The different degree of rocky desertification of land has been effectively restored, and the vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, soil improvement mechanism and gradually improve the stone desertification ecosystem carbon storage and karst dissolution amount, promote the regional society, the coordination of economic and ecological sustainable development.Two typical demonstration areas Salaxi and Huajiang are choosing as the research object. The carbon cycle theory and ecological regulation tax policy theory as theoretical basis.Through the data what monitored by key laboratory of mountain environment of Guizhou Province in 2014 to 2015 at the Guizhou Normal University. The data include soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter content of vegetation layer of biological soil related and so on. Construct two typical and extension of the sink type of rocky desertification governance model, and estimated the governance of two demonstration areas each carbon storage and carbon sequestration of rocky desertification, analyzes the different rocky desertification stage underground erosion, erosion rate, vegetation carbon reserves and the change of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors. In addition, the differences and reasons in the different models are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn:1 Rocky desertification control can effectively improve the underground corrosion and dissolution rate of karst system. By potential rocky to rocky desertification strength, with the development of rocky desertification, underground corrosion rate and corrosion rate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction presents certain regularity, by the strength of Rocky desertification 'moderate'light'potential rocky desertification area, underground dissolution rate and the corrosion rate were showed downward trend, which is obvious in light rocky desertification and potential rocky desertification area. The dissolution rate is about 2.5 and 5.5 times of the strength of rocky desertification and moderate rocky desertification, In the vertical change. The variation range of soil depth from-5cm to-50 cm was about 14 %. The monitoring results analysis shows that underground corrosion and erosion rate of rocky desertification area appeared decreasing trend with the development of rocky desertification, between different grades of rocky desertification and the same grade of rocky desertification of between different regions and different degrees of changes, specifically the degree of change because of different rocky desertification control mode and natural background conditions.2 Rocky desertification control can bring the benefits of carbon sequestration by improving the ecosystem carbon storage in rocky desertification area. Biomass and carbon storage is difference at different succession stages of vegetation layer of plant communities. Huajiang demonstration area grass slope, shrub, shrub forest, economic forest, the average carbon storage of forest is 0.67t/hm2, 1.86t/hm2、5.49t/hm2、3.24 t/hm2、13.58t/hm2 respectively. Salaxi is 0.89t/hm2, 3.69t/hm, 1.97t/hm2, 8.43t/hm2, 30.15t/hm2 respectively. Both show that with the plant community to the top of the succession, the amount of carbon sequestration of the surface vegetation also showed a significant increase in the trend.Different vegetation types of soil organic carbon density distribution in space and time exist rules of arbor forest > shrub forest > shrub > bare land, bare soil organic carbon density minimum, arbor forest soil organic carbon density is 1.34 times of shrub forest, 2.57 and 3.52 times of bare land. The variation of soil organic carbon density of soil carbon storage have significant effect, with the aggravation of the rocky desertification, soil organic carbon density showed downward trend, the potential rocky desertification stage and light rocky desertification stage, significant differences in each stage of rocky desertification is obvious. Soil organic carbon density in the horizontal distribution showed by potential rocky of reduce the intensity of desertification to trend in Salaxi and Huajiang demonstration areas, but this trend is more obvious in Huajiang demonstration area. In the vertical distribution of showing the law of diminishing from surface soil to deep soil.soil organic carbon density of surface soil(0-20cm) in potential rocky desertification area is 2.14 and 3.61 times of moderate and strength rocky desertification. Therefore, soil organic carbon density spatial differentiation in karst rocky desertification region in succession stages showed obvious. Furthermore, niche of soil organic carbon distribution produced certain effect. In addition, the niche has a certain effect on the distribution of organic carbon in soil, and the density of organic carbon in conventional soil(NS) is 1.627-7.389kg/m2. The soil surface(EF) and pit(SP) organic carbon content in soil were changed in1.584-7.317 kg/m2 and 1.742-7.446 kg/m2.3 The rocky desertification model of Eco economic and mixed Forestry management which could enhance carbon sink have been basic formed. According to the karst area unique geographical structure and characteristics of the ecological environment, combined with the actual situation of the two rocky desertification demonstration area, the study found that in Huajiang demonstration area "Ecological economic model" and " Forestry compound management model" can bring economic benefits and ecological benefits, the model of the initial formation of the economic forest-shrub-grass-grain crop ecological farming the organic combination of three-dimensional, ecological and increasing desertification mode exchange, efficient use of water. Soil, light, heat and other resources, increase the input and output of the land,biodiversity, vegetation cover, carbon storage and soil erosion prevention. In the realization of the ecological benefits and the ecological farming, fruit forest, Chinese herbal medicine planting and other income generating ways to achieve a certain economic income. The model is a low-carbon, efficient and green sustainable development system, both ecological benefits, but also economic benefits.4 Carbon sequestration benefits and ecological compensation benefits of karst rocky desertification control are obvious, in the rocky desertification area of ecological restoration of rocky desertification control have potential of carbon sequestration.The result of the study of ecosystem carbon sink and karst carbon sink show that different land use and rocky desertification of soil, karst between the vegetation and carbon sequestration benefits are not the same. In terms of the carbon storage in proportion, soil carbon pool in the total carbon reserves occupies absolute proportion is the largest carbon pool, secondly for forestry carbon sequestration and karst carbon sink, in the same stage of rocky desertification and land use conditions, between the carbon pool of carbon sequestration benefits is different, different regions of the carbon pool of solid carbon ability are also differences. From the regional total solid carbon ability comparison, the per unit area total solid carbon content of Huajiang less than Salaxi, although the rocky desertification control in Huajiang demonstration area for a long time, but due to its strength moderate rocky desertification areas, and Salaxi demonstration area belongs to potential light degree of rocky desertification area, vegetation coverage rate, average thickness of soil layer, dissolution rate to higher than in Huajiang demonstration area, and exposed bedrock rate significantly lower than in Huajiang demonstration area. Rocky desertification by the intensity evolution to moderate, moderate evolution to mild, mild evolution to potential, land units solid carbon ability were increased 26.7%, 51.4% and 22.9%. This fully indicates the significant effect of rocky desertification governance on improving the level of carbon sequestration in the region.The benefit of carbon sequestration conversion for the economic value of ecological benefits of Salaxi and Huajiang rocky desertification demonstration areas sum to 4.11×108-5.92×108 yuan, Huajiang demonstration area is 1.64×108-2.43×108yuan, Salaxi is 2.37×108-3.49×108 yuan.The ecological compensation benefit of unit area in the demonstration area of the demonstration area is 1.67×104-2.53×104yuan/hm2 and 6.97×104-9.91×104yuan/ hm2 respectively. Through the calculation of the ecological restoration of rocky desertification, the ecological benefits can be honored as the economic value, can be calculated to get the best efficiency of carbon sink ecological restoration of the study area, to fight for the late stage of stone desertification for compensation funds. |
PDF Full Text Request