The Influence Of Space Environment On The Protective Performance Of Spacecraft Woven Materials Structure

With frequent of space activities, space debris impact threat to spacecraft tend to bemore serious. Practical operation environment of spacecraft is more complex, mainlyincluding space debris environment, high vacuum environment, high and lowtemperature alternating environment, electron irradiation environment, etc., among them,the high and low temperature alternating environment are the main factors influencingthe spacecraft surface material performance. Space debris protective structure is usuallylocated in the outermost layers of the spacecraft, temperature change of the protectivematerial is more intense, temperature range is between-180℃to200℃. Therefore, it isnecessary to carry out the space of the high and low temperature alternating highvacuum environment effect on spacecraft protection structure research on the effects ofthe high-speed impact characteristics. This paper focuses on single shield structure andfilling type protective structure of the three kinds of commonly used woven material ofaluminum mesh, basalt fiber woven and Kevlar fiber woven, use the secondary light gasgun for high-speed impact experiments, study its change rule of high-speed impactinjury and protective properties after many times of high and low temperaturealternating environment effect. This paper focused on high speed impact damagecharacteristics and protection performance of the woven material protection layer aftermany times of high and low temperature alternating environment effect in differentimpact speed range. The research results can be reference for the engineering design ofthe structure of the spacecraft space debris protection technology.Firstly, this paper have studied high-speed impact damage characteristics of singleshield structure and filling type protective structure of the aluminum mesh underdifferent impact speed and different times of high and low temperature alternatingtreatments.The results show that: with the increase of high and low temperaturealternating treatment cycles, in low speed, the degree of projectile broken is not obvious,in high speed, the degree of projectile broken gradually reduce; In the speed range ot theexperiments, the damage degree of aluminum mesh aggravated, the performance of highspeed impact protection of single structure and filling type protective shield structuregradually decreased. Secondly, this paper have studied high-speed impact damage characteristics ofsingle shield structure and filling type protective structure of basalt fiber woven underdifferent impact speed and different times of high and low temperature alternatingtreatments.The results show that in the ballistic speed range, with the number of highand low temperature alternating circulation processing increasing, the broken degree ofthe projectile has no obvious change, but the impact damage of the wall recedes, namelythe ability of resisting the impact of the protective structure gradually improves; Inbroken section speed range, with the number of high and low temperature alternatingcirculation processing increasing, the crushing effect of basalt fiber woven onhigh-speed projectile recedes, the ability of resistancing to impact of the protectivestructure gradually reduces.Finally, this paper have studied high-speed impact damage characteristics of singleshield structure and filling type protective structure of Kevlar fiber woven underdifferent impact speed and different times of high and low temperature alternatingtreatments.The results show that with the number of high and low temperaturealternating circulation processing increasing, the impact resistance of Kevlar fiberwoven to the projectile gradually strengthens, shearing action gradually declines, theperformance of high speed impact protection of the single shield structure of Kevlarfiber woven gradually rises, the performance of high speed impact protection of fillingtype protective structure gradually reduced.