Research On Fire Scenario Setting In High-rise Building

With the rapid development of economy and the continuously increasing of urbanpopulation, the high-rise building has gradually become the mainstream of thedevelopment of modern architecture. Due to the particularity of the structure andfunction of high-rise buildings, the fire of the high-rise building has differentcharacteristics with other forms of fire. Traditional fire design methods can no longermeet the requirement of such construction, which results in the rapid development andapplication of performance-based fire protection methods. The setting of fire scenario isnot only the foundation of the performance-based fire design, but also the basis ofanalyzing the law of fire smoke flow. Whether the fire scenario can truly reflect thefatalness of fire in the buildings, directly affects the reliability of performance-based firedesign. Therefore, further research on issues related to fire scenario setting in high-risebuilding has certain theoretical significance and practical value.The subject comes from the Key Research Program of MPS namely “Research onfire scenario design and the technique and tactic for firefighting and rescue”. Bycombining three kinds of research methods of theoretical analysis, physical experiment,FDS simulation, the issues related to the fire scenario settings were discussed in depthin three typical kinds of buildings namely high-rise office buildings, high-rise hotelbuildings and shopping malls. The main work and research results are drawn as follows:①The theory about fire scenario setting was analyzed. The steps of fire scenariosetting and the methods for determining the fire heat release rate were elaborated, andthe using characteristics of each method were resolved. Based on the idea of integratingthe fire scenario and personnel evacuation, the software used to simulated building firewas developed. The initial development of the overall framework of the procedures hasbeen completed. Some of the calculation function has been achieved.②Based on the field research of high-rise building fire load, the thesis analyzedthe fire scenario setting in three typical kinds of buildings that is high-rise officebuildings, high-rise hotel buildings and shopping malls. The fire growth coefficient，maximum heat release rate, and duration of the fire were determined in rooms withdifferent functions. Under the conditions of the most unfavorable principles, the mostdangerous fire scenario was determined. A reasonable curve of heat release rate wasdrawn. ③According to the results of field research and theoretical analysis, full-sizeentity fire experiments were designed and carried out in the office room, hotel room andclothing shop, which observed the process of development and spread of fire, arrived ata series of information of time, temperature data, and the scene image, video of the firedevelopment. The completed processes of fire spread in three experimental conditionswere given. This provided valuable basic information for the subsequent research. FDSsoftware was used to simulate fire spread process of the three experiments separately.The results showed that the fire spread direction, temperature trend, and the peaktemperature by FDS simulation were basically consistent with the experimental results,which verified that using FDS software to simulate the fire spread issues in these threeoccasions has certain rationality on the basis of the correctly settings of boundaryconditions.