| Urban park is an important part of urban ecosystem, it also provides the important recreational space and exchange places for urban residents. Accessibility is an important indicator to evaluate the fairness of residents enjoy the urban park, it provides a favorable scientific support for optimizing space layout of the urban park, perfecting the road traffic network and so on. However, the research to explore the accessibility of urban park from different transport system is still lacking in China, it has been often overlooked the changes of accessibility in time.On this background, this article takes Changchun city area within the third ring road as the study area. Applying ArcGis9.3, the public transportation network and private car network of Changchun were built. We took the off-peak and peak hours as the dividing basis of time and the shortest time, public transportation frequency and access residential district ratio were selected as the indexes of accessibility assessment. This paper analyzed the accessibility of residential districts to the urban parks during the peak hours and off-peak hours. Moreover, we analyzed the average accessible time of urban parks to residential districts during the peak hours and off-peak hours.The results found that:(1) Based on the research of domestic and foreign, this paper built four accessibility evaluation index and calculation formula of public transportation and private car, including public transportation average accessible time, public transportation frequency, private car average accessible time and residential district ratio.(2) This article respectively discussed the accessibility of residential districts to the urban parks and urban parks to the residential districts in Changchun. During the off-peak hours and peak hours, in two kinds of transportation modes, the accessibility of each residential district exist significant differences. Such as in the public transportation, the average accessible time of residential districts are mainly distributed in the middle time interval, both sides of time intervals have lower distribution frequency, the overall situation shows an inverted U type. During the peak hours and off-peak hours, the overall level of residential districts’public transportation frequency is moderate.From the view of spatial distribution characteristics, in two kinds of transportation modes, the distribution pattern of residential districts’average accessible time shows a discontinuous concentric trend, the residential districts with the best average accessible time are mainly distributed in the urban central area, other residential districts are distributed in the peripheral area, the residential districts with the worst average accessible time are located in the study areas’southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest. The distribution pattern of urban parks’accessibility time shows a discontinuous concentric trend. The accessibility of residential districts surrounding the each urban park is best and outward decreasing; the worst areas are also located in the study areas’southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest.(3) From the view of two transportation modes, the overall level of residential districts’private car transportation average accessible time is significantly higher than that of public transportation. During the peak hours and off-peak hours, in the public transportation mode, the ratios of residential districts that can reach urban park within30min are41.14%and0.19%, but in the private car mode, the ratios rose to98.24%and21.84%.From the view of spatial distribution characteristics, in different transportation modes, each average accessible time periods’ space distribution area changed dramatically. Compared with public transportation, in the private car transportation mode, the circle of accessible time relatively good has the large distribution area; the circle of accessible time relatively poor has the lesser distribution area; the urban parks’ each accessible time circles’ space distribution changed dramatically, such as in the off-peak hours, in the public transportation mode, the15min time circle shows island distribution, in the private car mode, the15min time circle shows the continuous planar and island distribution.(4) From the view of two time intervals, the overall level of off-peak hours is significantly higher than that of peak hours. Such as in the public transportation, during the off-peak hours, there are10urban parks can reach all the residential districts within60min; but in the peak hours, no urban parks can reach all residential districts within60min.From the view of spatial distribution characteristics, each accessible period’s space distribution area changed dramatically. Such as in the public transportation, in the off-peak hours,20-30min residential districts’20-30min circle is distributed in the people’s square, culture square, Chong Qing road and so on; but in the peak hours,20-30min circle only distributed in the areas surrounding the Chong Qing road. |
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