Acquisition And Analysis Of The Characteristic Of The Spectrum From High Area-to-Mass Ratio Leo Space Debris

High area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) space debris currently poses an increasing hazard to active satellites in orbit and manned space activities because of its special physical properties. The area-to-mass ratio of this spacecraft wreckage is often between0.1and20m2/kg. Due to the difficulties in recognition and cataloging of high area-to-mass space debris, a method based on spectroscopic observations is proposed. The related literatures have verified that reflectance spectra of space debris are the result of the interaction between the debris surface material and the solar spectrum. It can reflect the nature of the debris surface material; provide the basis for the study of optical properties and identification of HAMR space debris.Firstly, this method corrects atmospheric extinction and the impact of telescope optical system on the basis of image preprocessing, including dark field, flat field, bias field, the standard star correction and wavelength calibration. Then extract debris spectral data curve, compare HAMR space debris spectral curves with spectra of4different types of common space materials, such as aluminum, white paint, gold MLI, solar panels. Finally, we can analyze the spectral curve characteristics, including peak, slope, the characteristic bands and shape; calculate the correlation coefficient, in order to realize the recognition of HAMR space debris surface materials.Results of spectroscopic observations show that it will be fairly accurate if high area-to-mass ratio space debris is composed of a single material, such as aluminum and white paint, the correlation coefficients of aluminum and white paint are approximately0.9. It verifies the spectral characteristics of space debris material have the ability to distinguish high area-to-mass ratio space debris.