The Analysis Of Characteristics Of Impervious Surface Pattern Change In The Main Urban Area Of Harbin

Information about the impervious surface is a very important factor in the evaluation of urban geography, and it plays a significant role in the urban land expansion and the urban ecological environment effect. Besides, it can be widely applied in residential population assessment and the calculation and the prediction of the non point source pollution load. Simultaneously, it can provide the main data support when the writer analyzes the sustainable development and the city development. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and is one of the most important industrial center of Heilongjiang province, research center and trade Center. The study area of this paper is the six administrative districts of Harbin city, namely, Daoli District, Daowai District, Nangang District, Xiangfang District, Pingfang District, Songbei District,. With the increasing development of the society and economy, the expansion of the city is faster and faster, and this change is also evident in the impervious surface information. By linear spectral mixture model combined with Wu&Murry four terminal element model, the writer extract the condition of the impervious surface distribution, and pick up 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 four image data between 1995 and 2010. The writer analyzes the characteristics of structure change of impervious surface and urban expansion by the results in order to monitor the dynamic change of the use of land in the process of urbanization of Harbin city and provide the relevant data support for the formation of relevant policies and regulations.This paper use linear spectral mixture model combined with Wu&Murry four terminal element model and the Landsat TM images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 to extract the information of the impervious surface of the six district of Harbin City. After verification, the RMSE was 0.2638. Therefore, the writer come to a conclusion that using linear spectral mixture model combined with Wu&Murry four terminal element model can extract the information of the impervious surface of research area better. By analyzing the change of impervious surface of six administrative districts of Harbin city(the Daoli District, Daowai District, Nangang District, Xiangfang District, Pingfang District, Songbei), the writer can conclude that the impervious surface area increased from 93.68km2 in 1995 to 201.35km2 in 2010. The growth range is large but separately the area is 93.68 km2 in 1995, whereas, the area of 134.04 km2 in 2005. The change range is small, so the main changes of impervious surface distribution appear after 2005. The results of the research on the manner of the city expansion in the research area are that there are two manners namely, "urban sprawl" and "satellite city". The rate of expansion from 1995 to 2005 belongs to the medium expansion, and the rate of expansion from 2005 to 2010 is high speed expansion, which can indicate that Harbin has entered a period of rapid development; On the other hand, through the fitting analysis and correlation analysis on the driving force factors of city expansion in research area, the writer draw a conclusion that the main driving force factors of the city expansion of Harbin are population factor and economic factor, and the economic factor is the main driving force, and the social factor is the subordinate one and the population factor is indirect.