The Strategy And Price Research Of EV Charging And Discharging Based On Demand Response

The energy source of electric vechiles is power. Compared with fuel vehicles of high pollution and high energy, electric vehicles driven on electricity are of low noise, high energy efficiency, non-pollutant emissions, which has obvious advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and cleaning. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles recently have received much attention, and their large-scale application is considered as one of the most effective ways to ease the energy shortage, reduce air pollution and achieve a low-carbon economy. New energy vehicles, as the representative of electric vehicles, would become the inevitable trend to promote the development of automobile industry in the future. The emergence of electric vehicles, not only provides a new way of life to people, but also brings challenges and opportunities to the power system. Electric vehicles’ charging and discharging behavior is random, and their disordered charging and discharging behaviors will significantly increase losses of power distribution system, so it is essential to coordinately optimize electric vehicles’charging and discharging behaviors, in order to reduce the negative impacts of electric vehicles’ charging.Since the charging and discharging behaviors of electric vehicles completely depend on the wishes of the vehicles’owners, it is not realistic to controlling charging and discharging behaviors by the conventional scheduling means. The demand response mechanism takes advantage of price leverage to motivate electric vehicles’ owners to take effective management on charging and discharging load initiatively. This mechanism can effectively guide electric vehicle charging and discharging, reduce reduce the influence on the power system, save the charging costs and improve operating efficiency of the grid company.Firstly, this paper analyzes electric vehicles’ charging and discharging behaviors, charging mode, charging facilities, and compares the differences between charging policies and discharging policies. Secondly, the electric vehicles’ charging and discharging pricing mechanism is established with the goal to minimize the load fluctuations and the costs of electric vehicles’ owners, and some constraints are set such as charging and discharging time and battery capacity. Thirdly, taking load data of a certain place and BYD e6 as simulation, the results show that the TOU pricing mechanism can guide users arrange their electric vehicle charging and discharging behavior, which will reduce the costs of electric vehicles, making the impact of electric vehicles on the grid company minimal. Finally, according to the status quo of China’s electric vehicle development, some proposals are put forward.