Study On The Crash Compatibility Of Passenger Car Rear-ending Electric Bus

The only way for our country change from a big auto nation to a strong auto nation is the development of new energy vehicles. With the increment of research efforts of the new energy automotive, electric vehicles are quickly becoming commercial and marketizational from the laboratory, and the safety has become the focus and hot spot of the electric vehicles research. In actual vehicle crash accidents, the type of accidents are different because of the varied types of cars. When a collision occurs between the different types of automobiles, the crashworthiness of vehicle cannot be fully realized as same as impacting rigid wall due to differences in mass, stiffness and geometry, each of the two vehicles are different injured, so this has resulted in a crash compatibility issues between vehicles in different types. When a passenger cars collide with a large electric bus at the rear-end, a serious passenger damage would happen due to incompatibility with each other, and the safe of battery pack on electric buses is the research focus. So it is necessary to carry out research about the crash compatibility issue between passenger cars and large electric buses. The main contents of this paper include:(1) In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the car crash compatibility research status, its developing route and summarize the main problems existing in the field, the research goes into the domestic and foreign literature related to it. Based on this the subject of the main contents is proposed. By analysising the four test methods commonly used at home and abroad, the research finds its defect, which is meaningful to the following study. According to building the equivalent mechanical rear-end collision model, the research has a systematic anylyse of the velocity, acceleration and energy-loss in collision. Studying the influence factors and metric of the automobile collision compatibility, and presenting a comprehensive analysis scheme of a rear-end collision.(2) Based on the electric bus’ s aluminum frame whose length is 12 m, this paper analysis how to use a pre-treatment software to build a model to analyze the process that an electric bus collide with a passenger vehicle at the rear-end. According to the theory of equivalent quality this paper simplifies the passenger vehicle model to a half car model, and verifies the model by comparing the experimental results. For ensure the reliability of the simulation this paper analysis and verifies the electric bus vehicle model;(3) Against the electric bus and passenger car rear-end collision simulation results, this paper firstly verifies the validity of crash simulation process from the perspective of energy conservation, and analysis the vehicle deformation and energy absorption during the rear-end collision process. Secondly, in the case of different collision speeds, different overlapping rates and different vehicle mass, this paper analyzes the intrusion volume of electric bus battery pack, front passenger panels, steering column and pedals by analyzing the different deformation cloud collision model, acceleration curves and comparison of energy absorption components. This paper contrasts and observes the variation law of two-car rear-end collision compatibility at last;(4) Based on simulation results, this paper presents two cars their own improvements based on materials and structures, this provides an effective reference for how to improve the two-car rear-end collision compatibility. For using the improved measures to re-establish the collision model, this paper compares it with the previous model to verify the effectiveness of improvements, and it provides the basis and reference collision compatibility for companies to develop more compatible car crash structure.