Studies On Historical Experience About “Capital Times” Of Urban Design In Xi’an Area

Chinese ancient city planning has a long history, and it has nearly 5000 years of civilization history of fortification. The records of the dynasties showed that there are nearly more than 1000 capitals and ordinary cities established. The projects were huge and great. While the cities as the centers of ancient state of political, economic, and cultural, they showed the divine right of emperors central constitution spirit. So establishing its capital was the main strategy when a new dynasty began. Xi’an region established as a capital since the pre-Qin period. And there are constructed the Feng and Hao cities when the Zhou period. Continue to the end of the ninth Century and before the Xi’an region went into a " local time", a plurality of Dynasty in Xi’an area selection of capital from Qin, Han, Sui, Tang Dynasty, which lasted nearly a thousand year. Xi’an area as political, economic, cultural center of ancient Chinese had accumulated many experience of city design. Especially Tang Dynasty that over one thousand two hundred years ago, the country capital is the best of city scale, population and prosperity in ancient Chinese city constructions. With the high-speed development background and the world cultural become convergence, the western world influences the world with its main culture. And it continues to infinite the diffusion, which includes the construction of the city. The reality is that the image of the city has lost the national, cultural characteristics of their respective regions. Therefore, to explore a city design history, geographical feature, accumulate experience and material culture heritage are the basis to in-depth study of modern city when the cities faced the problem of the lack of traditional culture now. So hoe to carry on the heritage and the development of ancient city planning experience is directly related to the future development of Xi’an city.Human and natural are harmony is excellence tradition of the Chinese ancient city design, and it is the design principle of Xi’an area design. As a result of Chinese concept of harmony and the thought of following the nature, the range of capital city design is bounded by capital city and natural around environment. The cities put the macroeconomic environment into the design of capital structure while construct its function. For example, city always use mountains, rivers, topography and other elements to determine the city axis and the skeleton. So they could help the city formats the common link of visual and vertical visual, and establish construction results of artificial and natural environment in large scale space. Xi’an region that had been undergo the city design of " capital times" had accumulated rich experience by constructions of Xianyang of Qin Dynasty, Changan of Han Dynasty, Daxing of Sui Dynasty and Changan of Tang Dynasty. The article makes the our dynasties’ design and constructions as examples to summarize the change rules of ancient capital migration, and to explore the design theory of experience and wisdom. Through discussing how to combine the modern planning methods and planning evolution of ancient capitals, which in order to provide reference for Xi’an area of city planning construction and protection.