Safety Research On Typhoon Preventing For Newly-built Large Unpowered Bulk Cargo Ship Moored Alongside The Wharf In Zhoushan Port

In June,2011, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China approved the establishment of Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands New Area, aiming at becoming apilot area of Zhejiang marine economic development, ocean comprehensive development area and an important growthpole of economic development in the Yangtze River Delta. Located at the intersection of the north and South China Sea and the Yangtze River golden waterway, Zhoushan IslandsNew Area is an important transportation hub of rivers and the sea. It is also in the forward position leading China into the Pacific Economic Circle, thus becomes a strategic gateway for China to continue its policy of opening to and communicating with the outside world. Zhoushan IslandsNew Area has rich resources along the deep-water coastline, a distance of 280 kilometers of which is suitable to build port. With sound shelter and anchorage conditions for ships, many international waterways runs through there.Zhoushan is an important base for marine industry, having about 100 shipbuilding companies,46 of which are big companies,mostly private ones. However, due to the special geographic location in Zhoushan Port, the coastal areas are greatly influenced by typhoons. In 2005, three Yangfan company’s newly-built unpowered container ships anchored at Mazhi anchorage ground dragged anchors and collided because of "Maisha". In 2012, while "Haikui" landed in Xiangshan, Ningbo, on Liuheng Island, a 57000 ton unpowered bulk cargo ship which belonged to Cosco Shipyardand was fastened to the wharf, drifted to Meishan, Ningbo, because its cables were broken and anchored were dragged. Afterwards, Zhoushan government gradually introduced a series of measurements, such as the prohibition of unpowered ships’ dropping anchor and sheltering in public anchorage ground, in order to avoid intertwining of anchor chains and collision accidents.In recent years, the scale of newly-built ships in Zhoushan Port is growing rapidly, most of which are bulk cargo ships. Because a large part of this kind of ship is exposed in the wind, without proper means of typhoon preventing, it can easily collide, strand or run on rocks. Defining 50000 or above deadweight tons ships as large vessels, this thesis would do a research on typhoon preventing on wharfs. By collecting related materials of large-scale shipbuilding companies in Zhoushan Port, analyzing geographic location and natural conditions of large outfitting wharfs, combining basic features of typhoons that influence Zhoushan Port waters and possible wind and streams, this thesis makes a berthing force analysis of representative 70000 tons,100000 tons and 150000 tons bulk cargo ships according to "Load Regulations for Port Constructions" (JTS-144-1-2010) and calculates the standard value of ship’s mooring and leaning force under different wind scales. It also makes a typhoon preventing berthing safety analysis of newly-built large unpowered ships and provides a comparative scientific reference for typhoon preventing measurements for wharfs of newly-built large unpowered ships in Zhoushan Port.