The PMU Placement With Security Factors In Wide Area Measurement System

With information and communication technology widely applied to power system, the cyber and physical power networks are researched as a whole which is referred to as Electrical Cyber Physical System (ECPS). Undoubtedly, the information and communication technology has devoted great contributions to smart grid. However, the increasingly huge complex system has also brought a lot of security problems. The Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) is one of the most important applications in power system with information and communication technology. Many hidden dangers could possibly be exploited in WAMS, including data acquisition, data transmission, control decision and etc. The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is the base component of WASM, and the PMU placement determines the number and location of PMUs installed in WASM. Most research of PMU placement problem is based on observation, and always focused on the efficiency and astringency of PMU placement algorithm. However, with the increasing attention to security in ECPS, security factors should also be considered in PMU placement problem.A new method of PMU placement with security factors in WAMS is proposed. Firstly, the research on security of ECPS has been reviewed, including ECPS modeling, ECPS co-simulation and ECPS security concerns. Then, different methods of state estimation are introduced, including least square method, fast decoupled method. The linear weighted least square method is computed with Matlab to compare state estimations with and without cyber attacks. At last, the new method of PMU placement in WAMS is formulated based on the index of state estimation deviation. Expected PMU placement of IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus as well as IEEE 57-bus networks are presented to prove the effectiveness of the method. In order to strengthen the feasibility, change curves of state estimation deviation and safety coefficient are provided in the end.