Research On The Construction Of Fuzhou Green Garden Under The "Ecological Garden City"

With the development of society and human progress, especially as the population continues to increase, urbanization has become the inevitable trend of social development, but with the constantly accelerating urbanization, also brought a series of ecological environment problems, such as housing, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, disease outbreaks and so on, all of these problems if not be solved, are bound to affect the health of human beings, survival and sustainable development of the city, so it is imperative to study and solve the problem of the urban environment. And the very important link of the urban environment is to strengthen the construction of urban greening, but relatively extensive urban greening construction for a long time, the traditional urban greening excessively emphasized the landscape effect, ignored the ecological construction. Therefore, in the current construction of ecological civilization, under the national policies of surrounding ecological landscape construction under the framework of Fuzhou city ecological landscape construction is very significant. Based on statistical methods of regular survey to plant community characteristics and 3S technology, investigation and study to botanical garden green space system of different functional areas in current Fuzhou is carried. Green space rate, the species composition and diversity of plant, the green vegetation structure, the green landscape structure and diversity of city park green space, residential area, industrial park green space and road green space in Fuzhou are analyzed. The main problems in green space construction of different functional areas. According to the ecological garden city theory, landscape ecology theory and the theory of urban ecology and combining domestic and foreign advanced experience of the construction of ecological gardens, urban garden green space construction strategy based on the ecological garden city is proposed. The research results of nearly three years are as follows:1. The analysis of green space ratio in different functional areas:the average rate of park in Fuzhou is 68.9%, the rate of residential area is 29.22%, the rate of industrial park is 11.43% and the road rate is 27.70%. Compared with the stipulations on the management of Fuzhou city landscaping, only the green space ratio of road is within the scope of conform, so we need to strengthen the construction of green space in the park, residential area and the industrial park green space.2. The analysis of plant community composition of green vegetation in different functional areas:a:There are a total of 208 kinds of plants, belonging to 73 families,174 genera in the park, including 58 species of evergreen trees,14 species of deciduous trees,60 species of evergreen shrubs,8 species of deciduous shrubs,4 species of vine plants,51 species of perennial herbaceous plants and 13 species of annual herb plants. B:There are a total of 168 kinds of plants, belonging to 65 families,135 genera in the residential area, including 36 species of evergreen trees,7 species of deciduous trees,53 species of evergreen shrubs,6 species of deciduous shrubs,4 species of vine plants,57 species of perennial herbaceous plants and 25 species of annual herb plants. C: There are a total of 60 kinds of plants, belonging to 25 families,57 genera in the industrial park, including 15 species of evergreen trees,5 species of deciduous trees,14 species of evergreen shrubs,3 species of deciduous shrubs,11 species of perennial herbaceous plants and 12 species of annual herb plants. D:There are a total of 71 kinds of plants, belonging to 40 families,66 genera in the road, including 21 species of evergreen trees,2 species of deciduous trees,39 species of evergreen shrubs,8 species of perennial herbaceous plants and 1 specie of annual herb plants. There are as many as 1400 species of urban greening plants in Fuzhou, but the number of plant species in each function area in Fuzhou is less. We need increase indigenous tree species and enrich plant species in Fuzhou urban green space system.3. The each function of green vegetation plant community species diversity analysis:a. The diversity index has many difference in different layers of the park green space, in general, it is tree layer> shrub layer> herb layer, the order of the species diversity index is West lake park> Luoxing tower park> Tea park> Golden port park> Jinji mountain park, the species diversity index of the west lake park is highest, because in recent years, the West lake park focuses on developing green plant which improves the plant diversity; The Jinji mountain park is a mountain park, it has the large number of plant but not too many kinds, so the plant diversity index is not high..b. The diversity index has a little bit of difference in different layers of the park green space:in general, it is tree layer> herb layer> shrub layer, the order of the species diversity index is Cangshan area> Horsetail area>Gulou area>Jinan area>Taijiang area, because the Cangshan area and Horsetail area are the new districts, the Gulou area、Jinan area and Taijiang area are the old districts, Fuzhou City has no attention to select road green tree species when old town planning construction, but attention to select road green tree species when new district planning construction and because of the particularity of road green tree, so landscape diversity is not high, and need to strengthen the road greening of Fuzhou old town rebuilding work..c:The species diversity index of Jinshan industrial zone is not high, seeing the green tree layer maximum diversity index is 2.3632, the minimum for road green space diversity index of the shrub layer 0.8623, species diversity index order are:ornamental green space> protection forest road green space, because of the industrial zone is different for various types of green space function, cause the diversity index, ornamental green space in order to guarantee its ornamental, tree species is rich in green space, the road green space because of the particularity of its in the industrial park, mostly in the form of hardy tree species, and reduced the range of tree species selection, leading to less species.d:the road greening in different layer of diversity index difference is not big, generally presenting the shrub layer> tree layer> herb layer, species diversity index of the sort: Cangshan area> Taijing area> Horsetail area> Jinan area> Gulou area. And Horsetail, Cangshan area, because of city zone is in Fuzhou urban area, new Taijing area,Jinan district, Gulou area as the old district, Fuzhou in the planning and construction of road green space when the old tree species selection no attention, and increase the choice of the new urban road green space, and at the same time as a result of the particularity of road green space landscape diversity is not high, the need to strengthen the road greening of Fuzhou old town rebuilding work.4. The each function of green vegetation plant community structure analysis:a. The Community structure of the park green space:Arbor+shrub and arbor+shrub+herb. b. The Plant Community structure of public green space in residential district:Arbor+shrub+ herb; The Plant Community structure of road greenbelt plant:A small amount of arbor+shrub+ herb; The Plant Community structure of beside the house green:Arbor+evergreen shrub+herb The Community structure of the surrounding green space:Arbor+shrub+herb in small quantities. So The Plant Community structure of residential district in Fuzhou is much of Arbor、shrub and herb.c.The Plant Community structure of ornamental green space in Industrial park is arbor+ shrub+herb and composite patterns; Road green space is 2 layer structure mode by arbor and herb; Protective greenbelt is 2 layer structure mode by arbor and shrub; so the plant community structure configuration is Reasonable in Industrial park.d. Greening hierarchy of road greening is monotonous, which is The sheer level structure by arbor.2 layer structure mode by arbor and shrub, composite patterns by arbor, shrub and herb is less frequent, greening mode is relatively single, the structure is simple. The each function of green vegetation plant community structure rationality:residential district> park green space> industrial park>road green space.so need to strengthen the plant species selection and configuration of industrial park and road green space.5. Each functional area of green vegetation landscape diversity analysis:Fuzhou city park green space landscape diversity up to 1.9866, the lowest is road green space landscape diversity is 1.192, Fuzhou landscape diversity index of each functional area is generally sorted as:park green space> industrial park green space> road green space in residential district. The highest dominance index is 0.1506, park green space is the lowest 0.0428 road green space, the dominance index of Fuzhou each function in order as:park green space> industrial park green space> road green space in residential district. The highest evenness index of the road green space is 0.9638, the lowest of industrial park green space is 0.9084, the evenness index sort of Fuzhou each function is:the road greenbelt> the park green space> industrial park green space in residential district. Park green space because of its function such as sightseeing, recreation and open to the public, with sound ecological and landscaping, so for the sake of their species and landscape compared to other functional areas to be rich, and road green space because its mainly to improve air quality, improve the traffic environment, tree species, plant some art ability certain limitation, without too much lead to sort, Road green space type is single in Fuzhou, landscape is not obvious, so in the later must strengthen the road in the construction of tree species selection and configuration.6. The principles and content of plan:in view of current situation and existing problems of the function of green space in Fuzhou, and according to urban green space construction goal of the "ecological garden city", we can know the construction of Fuzhou botanical garden green space system should follow the following six principles:people-oriented principle, the principle of overall planning, ecological principle, the principle of sustainable development, the principle of proportionality, the principle of inheriting and constructing the each functional area green space of Fuzhou with the six principles. The concrete content is as follows:a:The green rate of Fuzhou park is not reached "Fuzhou botanical garden afforestation management regulations", so the rate needs to be strengthened and it can use such as a vine plants to increase.The park plant community is more close to natural design, but not enough in richness and species diversity, only individual park is better, but the overall situation is not optimal, so it need to increase the local species selection, especially to adapt to the strong performance of native tree species.The small and community structure is widely applied arbor+shrub+a lot of single species lawn or arbor+lawn, but rarely appear halitosis deserts composite structure pattern, therefore from the plane layout, vertical structure, three aspects to optimize the configuration time configuration.In details:On the plane layout, the park plants can take coastal avenue system, large cultivation and planting combination way to reflect a wide range of landscape park; on the vertical structure, city parks can take ecological benefit better stratified pattern configuration, usually can take 2,3 layer or multilayer configuration mode;On the configuration of time, the park plants appropriate chooses view flowers, foliage, view of different season fruit plants, its unique ornamental effect, can make the park landscape color rich and change the seasonal.b:The small residential area in Fuzhou is not high in species diversity and obvious in green hierarchy, and single landscape in relatively, we must strengthen the construction of city residential area in Fuzhou, mainly from the following several aspects:Firstly, to increase the green area, plant more trees and increase the amount of green plant to cool effect on plots, and use more vines on walls, roof, balcony, lamp of vertical greening in order to improve the plant diversity, and also grow more plants attract birds, butterflies and other helpful organisms in order to increase species diversity.c:The species diversity index of the Fuzhou city industrial zone is not high, greening hierarchical structure is relatively simple, landscape diversity index is not high, the landscape change is not obvious. In the industrial zone of greening should choose planting tree species according to the different function of green space, the rational allocation of stratified structure to increase the green quantity and improve the ecological function of community, ornamental green plants communities can according to the order down the hierarchy to configure:is given priority to with deciduous trees and evergreen trees for the upper large tree planting; Middle the shrubs, with evergreen broad leaved tree species is given priority to, at the same time combined with flower, leaf, fruit, etc are unique ornamental species; The right amount of resistance to the lower configuration Yin low shrubs and cover; Road green space construction is the backbone tree species, tree species and tone to determine due to choose the crown large, wide spreading, strong ability to resist pollution tree species; Industrial park of shelter forest should choose more tall trees, configuration can be noise, dust, and other functions of small trees and shrubs to reduce industrial pollutants into residential areas.d:The road green space diversity index of Fuzhou is low, green single hierarchy, landscape diversity index is low, the landscape change is not obvious. Need to strengthen the construction of road in Fuzhou, can choose mainly from the species and community structure in two ways:The streets because of the frequent traffic, the serious of noise pollution, have a lot of powder layer and harmful gas, environmental quality is poorer, so need to choose to reduce noise, has the ability to resist pollution, purification ability of tree species, such as paulownia, Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Koelreuteria paniculata, which can absorb the harmful gas purification, and can improve the stability of the ecological communities; Still need to choose canopy, high branch point and has high resistance to dust and rare plant diseases and insect pests of native tree species, such as Mangifera indica L., Sect. Camphora (Trew) Meissn., Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees et T.Nees) Blume, Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. etc; And as far as possible choose some flower and foliage with ornamental tree species to increase urban landscape features unique benefits, such as Bretschneidera sinensis, Vernicia fordii (HemsI.) Airy Shaw, Melia azedarach, colorful tree species, to enrich the urban road the seasonal changes; Second, pay attention to the configuration of Trees shrubs herbal compound structure model, strengthen the community stability, enrich the city landscape.7. The urban landscape green space system construction strategy in Fuzhou:through the rational use of land, building green space network system in Fuzhou, optimizing the way of plant selection and configuration, selecting native tree species, building near the natural plant community structure, making full use of and protection of plant diversity, improving the space utilization and urban greening greening coverage, management of green space protection propaganda, perfecting green space system of legal regulations, strengthening the cultivation of scientific talents and other measures to build the characteristic garden green space system in Fuzhou.