Research On Sloping Fields Landscape Space Design In Urban Park Aiming At Promoting Spontaneous Activities

With development and construction of cities, most of their flat ground has been used for construction because of its favorable basic conditions. A lot of urban parks, green lands and leisure activity space are placed at slopes. As a result, activity places of flat ground cannot meet activity needs of people and increasing people start to do activity within sloping fields landscape space. However, current design of sloping fields landscape space focuses little attention on spontaneous activity of people, but to take traffic as its main function and be lack of support for various activities, thus resulting in low utilization rate of sloping fields landscape space and its shortage of vitality. So, exploring the paths and strategies for designing sloping fields landscape space to promote and guide spontaneous activities of people has very important practical meaning for enhancing city vitality and strengthening social communication. With the above as the starting point and survey on sloping fields landscape space of urban parks and spontaneous activities as the foundation, this paper analyzed and explored their relations, pointed out weak points of slope space’s design, proposed corresponding strategies and provided reference for designing sloping fields landscape space with integration of multiple functions in the future.Main research resuls of this paper are:⑴This paper selected 24 sloping fields landscapes of urban parks within main urban zone of Chongqing to conduct survey and research, and analyzed and summarized their features in five aspects: forms of spatial layout, spatial pattern, forms of spatial combination, spatial scale, spatial closing-opening and component entity factors and virtual factors of space, and summarized types and characteristics of sloping fields landscape space of urban parks of Chongqing.⑵Via visits and questionnaire survey, this paper worked out composition features of users of sloping fields landscape space and needs of users at different ages, recorded scale, type and distribution characteristics of spontaneous activities, and pointed out factors restricting spontaneous activities of slope space and main existing problems in such aspects as spatial attribute, entity factors, virtual factors, using needs and environment management.⑶With application of comparative analysis method, this paper compared two sloping fields landscapes under similar situation, found out influence of different factors of design of sloping fields landscape space to spontaneous activities, and made clear different characteristics of spontaneous activities of sloping fields landscapes at different locations and with different spatial attributes as well as the roles of component factors in guiding and restricting activities.⑷According to survey contents, analysis and comparison, this paper proposed six principles for designing sloping fields landscape space of urban parks from the perspective of promoting spontaneous activities: “integrated, practical, sharing, guiding, participating and identifiable”. Guided by the principles, this paper proposed corresponding strategies of designing sloping fields landscape space:(1) For working out spatial layout, forms of layout should be selected according to different terrain features and the needs of design themes should be taken into account, aiming to drive people to use slope space according to design intentions, instead of rigidly adhering to form and avoiding space being too stiff.(2) Spatial patterns should be integrated and diversified and avoid being changeless or messed up. With appropriate application of natural lines, shape warm feelings of sloping fields landscape.(3) Forms of spatial combination should be selected reasonably according to its influence to spontaneous activity and it should focus on formation of spatial sequence and attractions of people’s attention and guiding tourists to enter and stay inside. Appropriate operation of soft interface makes slope space coordinated with environment and meets the needs of people for getting close to nature.(4) For spatial scale, regard the feelings of people as reference, organically separate it and take 25 m as modulus for spatial site.(5) Spatial closing-opening should meet needs of different activities and enrich levels of space, avoid causing space being too closed or forming open space of too big scale; emphasize boundary treatment and take disposal methods which are easy to guide activities.(6) Among entity factors of space, form and layout design of plants, planting bed, road, platform, water, building, park essay, structure and public facilities should improve their guidance for spontaneous activities and make them highly participating and interesting at the precondition of without influencing their appearance and utilities.(7) For virtual factors of space, strengthen design of sensory feelings, present regional culture characteristics, shape the vitality of space and prolong staying time of people.(8) In order to meet needs of the old, children, the disabled and other special groups of people, sloping fields landscape space should be designed with strengthened communication, interaction and accessibility characteristics.