Design Of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Used In Forest Fire Prevention

Nowadays forest-fire is increasing with the growth of global warming and human activities, and it becomes more dangerous and harder to control. A small UAV which can be used in forest-fire prevention is designed in this paper.Firstly, different types of UAV that can be used in forest-fire prevention and corresponding characteristics and application scope are analyzed. Basis for the selection of UAV is provided according to mission requirements. A fixed wing small UAV which can be used in forest fire prevention is designed in this paper, including general parameters design, airfoil parameterization with CST method, airfoil optimization design based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm and NLPQL, 3D modeling, and overall aerodynamic characteristics analysis based on the fluid field decomposition. In addition, the work procedure of forest fire prevention UAV is established.Being the most important payload of forest fire UAV, image acquisition devices and corresponding principles are introduced based on visible light and thermal imaging, after that an UAV-based 3 degrees of freedom stabilized cradle head is designed with Canon EOS 100 D camera. The cradle head is modeled in CATIA, and corresponding coordinate system is established. A cradle head control rule is designed with PID control algorithm and is simulated with Simulink. Step response and sine tracking results show that the designed PID control rule gives the cradle head good stability, accuracy and fast response ability.Forest fire detection methods are essential parts of forest fire prevention technique. Two detection methods are designed with visible light video captured by UAV, one is based on image retrieval and the other is based on motion foreground and color model. Both methods have achieved high detection accuracy and fast speed. As a supplement, a forest fire detection method based on thermal imaging video is designed and has achieved good detection result.The design of small UAV which can be used in forest-fire prevention can provide reference for related research and practical application.