| Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of corn gluten meal(CGM) as a dietary protein for Carassius auratus gibelio. Four kinds of isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0%(the control), 4%, 8% and 12% of CGM, replacing 0%, 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% of fish meal respectively. The fish(initial body weight of 13.68±1.77g) were fed the diets in a recirculation aquaculture system indoors for 60 days. The growth of Carassius auratus gibelio, c type and g type lysozyme gene expression, HSP70 gene expression, nitrogen retention and phosphorus retention were determined. Meanwhile, triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4) activity of serum were studied.1. The results showed that FCR of the control and 8% of CGM group were significantly higher than 4% and 12% of CGM group(P<0.05). Corn gluten meal did not significantly affect on growth of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp except that final body weight in the group 8% of CGM was higher than other groups.Corn gluten meal did not significantly affect on triiodothyronine content in serum from 30th to 60th day, but triiodothyronine content of the control group was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05) in 15th day. Thyroxine content of serum fluctuated in wave-like curves in the first three phases, but there was no significant effect among each group in 60th day on thyroxine content.2. G type lysozyme gene expression in hepatopancreas of all replacement groups was significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference on g type lysozyme gene expression in head kidney of 4%, 8% of CGM groups and the control group. G type lysozyme gene expression in spleen of every replacement group was significantly lower than the control group or was no significant difference. C type lysozyme gene expression in hepatopancreas, head kidney and spleen of all replacement groups was significantly higher than the control group on the whole. Lysozyme activity in hepatopancreas of the control group was significantly lower than 8% and 12%of CGM groups, but was no significant difference with 4% of CGM group. There was no marked difference on lysozyme activity in head kidney and spleen of the control group and replacement groups. HSP70 gene expression in hepatopancreas and muscle of the control group was significantly lower than replacement groups.3. Nitrogen retention of the control group was significantly higher than all replacement groups. Phosphorus retention of the control group was significantly higher than 4% and 12% of CGM group, but there were no significant differences between the control group and 8% of CGM group. Nitrogen content in feces of the control group was significantly higher than 8% of CGM group, significantly lower than 4% of CGM group and no significant differences from 12% of CGM group. Phosphorus content in feces of the control group was significantly lower than all replacement groups. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in hepatopancreas and muscle and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of the control group were not significantly different from all replacement groups.In conclusion, all the results indicated that appropriate dosage of CGM in the feed was 8%, replacing 66.67% of fish meal of the diets in this experiment.Two kinds of isonitrogenous, iscaloric diets were formulated to contain 0%(with 10% fish meal, FM) and 8% of CGM (replacing 80%-88.89% of fish meal). Three sizes(26.90g(small),51.70g(medium),97.67g(large)) of Carassius auratus gibelio were fed in net cages for 97 days, and sampled in 30th day(Ⅰ), 61th day(Ⅱ) and 97th day(Ⅲ). After feeding, the growth, digestive enzyme, immunoenzyme, nitrogen retention, phosphorus retention were determined in different sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio in three feeding phases. At the same time, the amino acid composition of muscle were detected inⅢphase.1. Body weight of FM group with medium and large size was significantly higher than CGM group in three feeding phases. Body weight of small size did no significantly affect from CGM.Delicious amino acid, essential amino acid and total amino acid were no significantly difference between two groups in three sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio. CGM had no significant influence on amino acid composition in muscle of the fish with medium and large size.There was no significant influence on activity of proteinase and amylase in hepatopancreas and intestines of different sizes and feeding phases by feeding time extended.2. There were no significant influence on activity of lysozyme and superoxide dismutaseand(SOD) in hepatopancreas, spleen and head kidney and nitric oxide(NO) in spleen and head kidney for different sizes and feeding phases by feeding time extended. 3. Nitrogen retentions in muscle of FM group were significantly higher than CGM group (P<0.05) except forⅠphase of medium size; There were no significant difference on GDH activity in hepatopancreas and muscle with extending feeding time; Phosphorus retention of muscle of CGM group were significantly lower than FM group (P<0.05) withoutⅠphase.To sum up, 8% of CGM, replacing 80%-88.89% of fish meal, had no significant effect on growth, digestion, immunity of Carassius auratus gibelio with small size, but had significantly influence on Carassius auratus gibelio with medium and lager sizes during a short feeding time. CGM reduced nitrogen and phosphorus retention of Carassius auratus gibelio compared with fish meal and there was not significant effect on GDH activity of hepatopancreas and muscle. |
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