Biology Of Ricania Sublimata And Morphology Compare With Other Ralated Species

Ricania sublimata is an important pests of agriculture and forestry. From biology and morphology, the biological characteristics of Ricania sublimata which contained copulating mechanism, ovipositing mechanism of Ricania sublimata was studied. The reproductive system, antennal sensilla and wax glands were also described in detail by using field observation and microdissection technology. Besides, morphological characteristics of Ricania sublimata were compared with other Related species’.The results show that Ricania sublimata occurs two generations per year in Yangling region of Shaanxi from May to next October. The developmental periods of egg is 17-15d; nymph has 5 instars about passing 45-55d; age of adult is 30-45d. Ricania sublimate, omnivory, overwinterings in the form of egg which laid together. The host plants of Ricania sublimata are various, and most of its feeding host are also ovipositing host, excepte mulberry.Copulating behavior occurs 1 time. The copulation adopt to end-to-end position, with abdomen twisting lasting for 2-3h; the aedeagus of male is inserted into copulatory duct of female from copulaporus, injecting one spermatophore into the bursa copulatrix of female. The processing of oviposting is preparing to spawn, choosing the position of oviposition, chiselling holes for oviposition, laying eggs into the holes, cover with wax and preparing for next oviposition.The egg of Ricania sublimata is ivory. dorsal of the egg is distinctly elevated comparing with ventral. Surface of egg can be divided into two areas:one is the flank of egg shell, which with reticulate surface, another is the micropylar cap which is positioned at apex of egg and with complexe structure.Spinal formula of nymphal hind leg, the length of antennal, size of pedicel, type, quantity and distribution of sensilla show regularity change in different instars..There are only two types sensilla on the antenna pedicel of Ricania sublimata and other three planthopper:sensilla trichodea and sensilla coeloconica. Structure, quantity and distribution of sensilla vary slightly. The wax glands of forewing of Ricania sublimata are various. Structure, size and distribution of the wax glands of forewing are consistent in three species of Ricannidae, while shows diversity comparing to Salurnis marginella.The male reproductive system of Ricania sublimata and other related species is similar. Testes are enclosed by a layer membrance, the vas deferens connective the testis and the seminal vesicle. There are 2 well-developed accessory glands at the base of the inflated ejaculatory ducts. There exist difference in sheathed shape of testis, the number of testicular follicle and the structure of seminal vesicle. The number of testicular follicle is different among different species. The number of testicular follicle is different among species. Most of the Ricaniidae with 12 testicular follicle.In this thesis, the morphological structure of ovary, oviductus lateralis and glandula oviducti lateralis is described for the first time, and put forward the double membrane structure of reproductive system, The link way of oviductus communis and oviductus lateralis are explained, speculated the function of sclerotized ornementations on the wall of bursa copulatrix. The female reproductive system of six planthopper also showed consistent by comparative research:the vagina is divided into two parts:the anterior vagina is linked to the spermatheca and the oviductus communis, the ovary is linked to the oviductus communis through the oviductus lateralis; the posterior vagina is linked to the bursa copulatrix and the copulatory duct, the gonoporus locates between the first valvula and the second valvula, and the copulaporus is located on the intersegmental membrane between sterniteⅦand sterniteⅦ.The shape of anterior connective lamina and posterior connective lamina, the shape and size of the gonospiculum, the shape of third valvula and if it has the posterior lobe of third valvula together with its shape, all these female genital features are valuable for classification and systemtic development research of Fulgoroidea.