| In the present study,12 kinds of plant were extracted via the method of supercritical fluid CO2, respectively have determined their contact effect, stomach poisoning activity and ovipositional deterrent activity against the oriental fruit fly adult, and analysis contact toxicity to the oriental fruit fly adult of 5 optimization plant extracts; compared Piper nigrum to 3 kinds of chemc agrochemical dichlorvos, deltamethrin, and avermectins to the oriental fruit fly adult on the knockdown effect and contact effect. In the meantime, selected 21 kinds of plant chemicals, have contrived them lure activity to the oriental fruit fly adult, from in sieving 2 kinds of plant chemicals, YH, CH, take them as foundation composition, developed 5 kinds of bait, to study them trap-effects to the oriental fruit fly adult outside orchard. Main of research result was as follows:1. Different plants using the method of supercritical fluid CO2 to extract, the yield of different plant extracts, in the 12 species of plants, the extraction rate is very different. Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract the highest rate was 11.94%, the lowest extraction rate of Coptis chinensis extract. Only 3 of 12 species of plants in the extraction rate of more than 5%,7.15%, respectively Houttuynia cordata, Zanthoxylum bungeanum 11.94%, 6.15% Acorus tatarinowii; extraction rate of between 1% and 5% have 7 plants; extraction rate less than 1%, there are two, namely, Mentha canadensis L. 0.75%,0.45% Coptis chinensis.2. Among 12 kinds of plant extracts,11 species have showed some effect of contact activity to the oriental fruit fly adult. Among them, the Piper nigrum extract, Acorus calamus extract, Acorus tatarinowii extract, Cinnamomum cassia extract, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract contact activity showed a strong role in the film with a dose of 103.95μg/cm2, its corrected mortality is greater than 90.00%, respectively,100.00% for the Piper nigrum extract, Acorus calamus extract 96.67%,96.67% Acorus tatarinowii extract, Cinnamomum cassia extract 99.17%,99.17% Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract, in contrast, the other 7 extract on contact activity relatively weak, the same doses, they are less than the corrected mortality of 90.00%. The Nelumbo nucifera extract in the 5 different concentrations established are not shown on the oriental fruit fly contact activity. 3. With feed mix drugs were determined 12 plant extracts on the oriental fruit fly’s stomach toxicity effect. There are 6 of them on the oriental fruit flies show a more significant role in stomach toxicity, respectively, the Piper nigrum extract, Acorus calamus extract, Acorus tatarinowii extract, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract, Cinnamomum cassia extract, Houttuynia cordata extract, which Piper nigrum extract the maximum corrected mortality of stomach toxicity, in dealing with 96h, when the concentration was 1.50mg/ml, the corrected mortality was 84.44%. Different plant extracts corrected mortality of stomach toxicity there is a big difference, the corrected mortality changes over time when it change.4.6 kinds of plant extracts among the 12 of plant extracts, showed a strong rejection to avoid activity to the the oriental fruit fly adults lay eggs. Which,24h ovipositional deterrent activity rate exceed 50.00%, there are 2 species,57.68% for the Piper nigrum extract, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract 52.45%; the ovipositional deterrent activity rate between 40.00% and 50.00%, there are 2 kinds of plant extracts, respectively, Acorus calamus and Rhus chinensis extracts,24h ovipositional deterrent activity rate were 44.77%,42.58%; the Acorus tatarinowii extract and Cinnamomum cassia extract’s ovipositional deterrent activity rate rate between 20.00% and 30.00%,27.34%, respectively,29.48%. The ovipositional deterrent activity rate of Phellodendron amurense extract is 0.01%, that is not obvious. Meanwhile, another 5 kinds of plant extracts, their ovipositional deterrent activity rate were negative, which is the lowest rate of Houttuynia cordata extract,24h ovipositional deterrent activity rate-140.00%.5. Piper nigrum, Acorus calamus, Acorus tatarinowii, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia, five kinds of optimization of plant extracts on the oriental fruit fly adults have a strong contact action. After further analysis by contact toxicity of Piper nigrum, Acorus calamus, Acorus tatarinowii, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia extracts, LC50 were 0.25,2.94,4.50,2.37,2.94mg/ml. In extracts of 5 plants, Piper nigrum extract on the oriental fruit fly adults contact effect the best; followed by the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract; Acorus calamus and Cinnamomum cassia role of contact activity were equivalent comparison was better than Nelumbo nucifera.6. Comparison of the Piper nigrum extract and chemical pesticides dichlorvos, avermectins, deltamethrin about the knockdown effect and contact effect to the oriental fruit fly adult. Dichlorvos have the highest knockdown effect, KT50 is 3.133min; knockdown time deltamethrin and knockdown activity of Piper nigrum extract are equivalent, respectively, KT50 were 18.515min,19.277min; avermectins has poor knockdown activity, during 120min, the test insects were knocked down only a few. When the concentration of 12.60mg/ml, dichlorvos, deltamethrin, Piper nigrum extract corrected mortality rate of contact effect reached 100.00%, no significant differences between the three, while avermectins corrected mortality rate was 67.50% with a significant difference between the three.7.21 kinds of plant chemicals were determined indoor experimentation to the oriental fruit fly for lure activity of sexually mature adults, including 8 species of them showed lure adult activity, the other 13 species did not show to attractive activity. YH which is the highest rate of the lure, luring rate was 51.50%, respectively YH, that is the best lure effect to the mature adults. Different plant chemicals to the oriental fruit fly sexual maturation of female and male temptations effect is not the same, and in the sex ratio, the plant chemicals of which 5 species of the oriental fruit fly sexual maturity of females to lure better, respectively, YH, CH, carveol, YF, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal; citral, citronellal, citronellol lure of better male sexual maturity.8. The selection of plant monomer YH, CH-based ingredients, prepared into 5 different baits, which have better effect to the oriental fruit fly adults on the lure, the average coefficient is greater than the lure of the control methyl eugenol. The average to lure the largest coefficient of bait-2, that is the best lure, methyl eugenol alone 7.35 times; effect of lure to bait-1 is 3.07 times that of methyl eugenol; the lure effect of bait-3 is 2.21 times that of methyl eugenol; effect of lure to bait-5 is 1.86 times of the control. Descending by attracting effect, the order for the 5 kinds of bait:bait-2> bait-1> bait-3> bait-5> bait-4. |
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