Effects Of Degrading Bacteria On The Characteristics And Organizational Structure Of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Quinclorac Stress

This pot experiment is to study effects of the degrading bacteria HN36 on result of quinclorac degradation in the soils , enzyme activities of soil and content of reactive oxygen species and MDA in the tobacco roots, the protective enzyme activities , leaf damage rate, result of removal reactive oxygen species, root and leaf and content of leaf amino acids and glutathione, anti-oxidation rate of roots and leaves, root and leaf malate dehydrogenase activity and cellulase activity, root activity tobacco plant morphology, ultrastructure and cured tobacco leaf quality. The results are as follows:1. Effects of degrading bacteria on result of the quinclorac degradation in the soilsIt can Improve degradation rate of quinclorac after degradation bacteria HN36 being added in soils with quinclorac , the degradation rate of quinclorac increased with amounts of degradation bacteria HN36. when the amount of degradation bacteria was 3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1 dry soil （T3） the degradation rate is the maximum ; proper amount of degradation bacteria added in the soils with different concentrations of quinclorac , The degradation rate increased with quinclorac concentration decreased in soils , The best rate of degradation was treatments A1(0.05 mg·kg^-1)。2. Effects of degradation bacteria on enzyme activities of soil under quinclorac stressThe catalase activity, peroxidase activity, urease activity, protease activity, dehydrogenase activity, invertase activity of the soils are higher than the control, after degradation bacteria HN36 being added in soils with quinclorac . enzyme activities of soil was increased with the amount of degradation bacteria , the enzyme activity of the soil is the highest when the degradation bacteria was 3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1 dry soil （T3）. different concentrations of quinclorac inhibite on soil enzyme activity difference are significant, with the quinclorac concentration increased, the stronger the inhibition of soil enzyme activity, the inhibition is the most obvious was treatments A3(0.17 mg?kg^-1).3. Effects of degrading bacteria on content of reactive oxygen species and MDA in the tobacco roots under quinclorac stressIt can imporve the content of reactive oxygen species and MDA in tobacco roots , and reduce content of the reactive oxygen species and the MDA , With the increasing in the amount of degradation bacteria the ROS and MDA content in roots decreased , when the amount of degradation bacteria was 3×10¹⁰ cell·kg ^-1 soil （T3） the effectives is the best ; proper amount of the degradation bacteria HN36 added into the soils with different concentrations of quinclorac , the content of ROS and MDA increased with the amount of the degradation bacteria .To treatment A3 (0.17 mg?kg^-1)is the most .4. Effects of degrading bacteria on the protective enzyme activities of the tobacco roots under quinclorac stressIt can improve activities of CAT, SOD, POD of tobacco after degradation bacteria being added in the soils with quinclorac . The protective activity increased with the amount of degradation bacteria , Telsda to 20 after transplanting to the maximum, followed by: T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil)>T2(3×109 cell·g^-1soil)>T1(3×108 cell·g^-1soil)>T0(0 cell·g^-1soil); Appropriate amount of bacteria was applied to different concentrations of the quinclorac soil conservation activity in tobacco roots with quinclorac concentration decreased with the increasing in the order: A0(0 mg·kg^-1)>A1(0.05 mg·kg^-1)>A2(0.08 mg·kg^-1)>A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1).5. Effects of degrading bacteria on the protective enzyme activities of the tobacco roots under quinclorac stressWith the increasing in days after transplanting , damage rate of the tobacco is rising under quinclorac stress , adding degrading bacteria HN36 treatment of tobacco leaf damage rate is lower than the control treatment without adding bacteria, and with the increasing in the amount of damage degrading bacteria rate. To 20 days after transplanting, treatment T1, T2, T3 in turn reduced by 5.34%, 8.48%, 12.41% ; different quinclorac concentrations in the soil after adding degrading bacteria and with the quinclorac concentration increasing damage rate increases . To 20 days after transplanting, process A1, A2, A3 in turn is higher than the control 4.22%, 8.44%, 14.83%.6. Effects of degrading bacteria on the effect of active oxygen in tobacco roots and leavesTobacco scavenging of reactive oxygen species is lower under quinclorac stress, adding degradation bacteria HN36 can increase in tobacco roots and leaves of the ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species . leaf antioxidant effect is better than root. degradation bacteria by adding in different amount of scavenging ability of tobacco plants with the degradation and increasing the amount of bacteria increased in all treatments showed: T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil)>T2(3×109 cell·g^-1soil)>T1(3×108 cell·g^-1soil)>T0(0 cell·g^-1soil); with quinclorac in soils increasing the concentration of tobacco plants decreased ability to clear all treatments showed: A0(0 mg·kg^-1)>A1(0.05 mg·kg^-1)>A2(0.08 mg·kg^-1)>A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1).roots and leaves of tobacco plants changed in the same root scavenging of reactive oxygen species than leaves. Leaves of scavenging reactive oxygen species is much stronger than the roots.7. Effects of degrading bacteria on the content of amino acid and GSH in phytotoxic tobacco roots and leavesContent of amino acid increases rapidly in roots and leaves of tobacco under quinclorac stress. and it decreases with the use of degrading bacteria HN36. With different quantities of degrading bacteria being added in the soil containing quinclorac, the content of amino acid decreases and the more of degrading bacteria the rapidly of decreasing rate. With the degrading bacteria being added in soils containing different quantities of quinclorac, the content of amino acid in roots and leaves of tobacco increases and the more of quinclorac the rapidly of increasing rate. The trend of content of amino acid in roots corresponds with in leaves. the content of amino acid in roots and leaves was the smallest is treatment T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil) and A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1). When degrading bacteria being added into soil, the content of GSH in roots and leaves increases and the more of degrading bacteria the more of GSH. Among all the treatments the content of GSH reaches the highest is T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil). When degrading bacteria is added into soil containing different quantities of quinclorac, the content of GSH in roots decreases, and the more of quinclorac the lower of the content of GSH. Among all the treatments the content reaches the lowest is the treatments A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1).8. Effects of degrading bacteria on anoxidation rate of tobacco roots and leaves under quinclorac stressit can improve victims of anti-oxidation rate of tobacco, tobacco plant roots and leaves with the transplanting of anti-oxidation rate of increasing of the days, roots and leaves of tobacco plant changes similar tendency, after added degrading bacteria in quinclorac soilsCompared with the control of quinclorac in soils, with increase in the amounts of degradation of tobacco plants species antioxidant capacity enhancement, the more obvious when the amounts of degradation bacteria being added 3×10¹⁰ cell·kg^-1 soil （T3 ） is the strongest antioxidant activity of different quinclorac degradation of soil bacteria by adding after the quinclorac concentration decreased antioxidant capacity increased tobacco plants showed A0(0 mg·kg^-1)>A1(0.05 mg·kg^-1)>A2(0.08 mg?kg^-1)>A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1).9. Effects of degrading bacteria on Activity of MDH and Cx of the tobacco roots and leaves under quinclorac stress Under the stress of quinclorac, tobacco root and leaf MDH activity was significantly decreased, being added degrading bacteria HN36 can increase the MDH activity of tobacco, MDH activity than the leaves of tobacco than roots and enhanced with the amount of degrading bacteria increasing, the highest activity is T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil); After adding degrading bacteria in soils, the MDH activity in tobacco decreased with the increasing of quinclorac concentration in the soil, the MDH activity of treatment A3 (quinclorac effective concentration 0.17mg ? kg^-1) is the lowest.The Cx activity of tobacco roots and leaves decreased with the increasing of the amounts of the degrading bacteria, tobacco leaves activity of Cx more than the root the performance of the various treatments as fllowed: T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil)>T2(3×109 cell·g^-1soil) > T1(3×108 cell·g^-1soil) > T0(0 cell·g^-1soil); different concentrations of quinclorac effect the Cx activity significantly is different, the more quinclorac concentration the more activity of Cx, the performance of the various treatments as: A0(0 mg·kg^-1)>A1(0.05 mg·kg^-1)>A2(0.08 mg·kg^-1)>A3(0.17 mg?kg^-1).10. Effects of degrading bacteria on activity of tobacco root under quinclorac stressAfter adding degrading bacteria HN36 in the soil with quinclorac, it can improve tobacco roots activity; with the amount of degradation bacteria increased and the effect of reducing the concentration of quinclorac is more obvious, the influence is the most obvious was the treatments T3(3×10¹⁰ cell·g^-1soil) and A3(0.17 mg·kg^-1). 11. Effects of degrading bacteria on organizational structure under quinclorac stressThe thickness of parietal and central leaves’epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue , the phytotoxic one is the thickest,the repaired one ranked second, the normal one is the thinnest, but the most obvious difference in thickness of parietal lobe. Parietal tissue tightness （CTR） were as follows: affected parietal lobe （0.34） >fix parietal lobe （0.31） >normal parietal lobe （0.29）;Parietal porosity （SR） was normal （0.49） >fix parietal lobe （0.46） > victims parietal lobe （0.45）, all treatments difference significant. By repairing with the organizational structure of the phytotoxic tobacco,repaired tobacco and normal one, HN36 can reduce the organizational structure of the hazards of tobacco by quinclorac.Under the stress of quinclorac, degradation bacteria HN36 can ease quinclorac on tobacco hazards. quinclorac on the ultrastructure of the damage tobacco among different treatments were as follows: victims of tobacco> tobacco fix> healthy tobacco plants; the performance of different parts of the stem and parietal cell ultrastructure of the most damaging of the central leaves is the least harmful. 12 Effects of degrading bacteria on chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves under quinclorac stressTotal sugar, reducing sugar, starch, potassium levels were as follows: phytotoxic tobacco> repaired tobacco>normal;The content of total nitrogen and nicotine were as follows: phytotoxic tobacco> repaired tobacco>normal; The ratio of reducing sugar / total sugar, total sugar / nicotine, total nitrogen / nicotine of the normal tobacco and the repaired tobacco are more suitable than the phytotoxic one.