Effects Of Different Tillage On Winter Wheat Soil Fertility Characteristics And Yield

In order to study the effects of seven treatments on soil physical properties, soilchemical properties, soil carbon pool, soil enzyme activities and the yield of winterwheat, and the economic benefits of different tillage. The research adopted seventillage patterns as follows: subsoiling tillage with mulch (STS), subsoiling or no tillagewith mulch (STS/NTS), no tillage with mulch (NTS), rotary tillage with mulch (RTS),rotary tillage (RT), convention tillage with mulch (TS) and convention tillage (T). afield experiment using wheat cultivar, luohan6was carried out, combined field trialswith laboratory analysis, at the agronomy field in campus of Henan University ofScience and Technology from2011to2013years, The main results were as follows：1. Effects of different tillage on soil physical propertiesSoil bulk density change significantly in the seven tillage systems at0-10cm and10-20cm layer than20-60cm layer. There was a decreasing trend of soil bulk densitywith increasing soil depth under in every treatment, and bulk density of soil undertraditional tillage was higher than under conservation.The lowest was STS of them at0-40cm layer, It was the most beneficial to improve the top layer of soil permeability.When compared with the convention tillage, straw mulching helped improve soilmoisture, The average soil moisture of NTS was highest than other tillage pattern inthe whole growth stage of winter wheat, and then TS, RT and T were the lowest, andthat the average soil content between them kept a nearly level in the back row.2. Effects of different tillage on soil chemical propertiesContent of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, availablekalium at0-40cm layer were increased in straw mulch treatment, and soil pHenvironment were improved, especially for0-10cm layer surface were more obvious.Compared with before planting, soil organic matter content was increased moresignificant at conservation tillage than T in harvesting stage, while the nitrogen content was not as obvious. Straw mulch protective measures enhanced soil resistance todegradation ability, howere, conventional tillage had the trend of reducing soilresistance ability. Straw mulch had higher ability of fixing soil N and P, which wasgood for the releasing of N and P, convention tillage was opposite. The average totalnitrogen of0-40cm layer the order was: NTS>STS>STS/NTS>RTS>TS>RT>T.Available kalium of no tillage with mulch was highest. Soil pH value was graduallyincreased along with the deepening of the soil depth, which showed that strawmulching measures for soil acidification. In addition, the soil pH value of strawmulching was lower than T and RT.3. Effects of different tillage on soil carbon poolSoil organic carbon content (TOC) in straw with mulch was significantly highercompared to without straw mulch0-40cm layer. During the whole growth period of0-40cm layer average, TS increased5.51%than T, TS was7.32%higher than T. Eachtreatment active carbon (AC) and TOC were decreased with deeper layer, That was0-10cm>10-20cm>20-40cm layer, TOC, AC and the percentage of AC in TOC of NTSwere increased significantly the surface layer in0-10cm, while convention tillagereduced TOC and AC, especially in0-40cm layer. Conservation tillage were beneficialto improvement of soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) in the various levels. Itshowed that different conservation tillage measures could significantly improved soiloperation and management level, and generated good results to the soil system inpresenting a benign tendency. NTS was the best, followed by STS and RTS.4. Effects of different tillage on soil enzyme activityFour kinds of rhizosphere soil enzyme activity were greater than non-rhizospheresoil rhizosphere, and rhizosphere soil could more sensitively reflect the true level ofenzyme activity. With the winter wheat growth, the soil invertase and soil ureaseactivities had the same trend; soil enzyme activity were increased to reach a peakgrowth period from reviving to jointing stage and then began to decline. There weretwo peaks soil alkaline phosphatase in jointing and maturity, respectively. Theactivities of soil catalase reached the highest in filling stage, and then graduallydecreased. Soil invertase, soil alkaline phosphatase and soil catalase activity graduallydecreased with soil depth under the straw mulch. Different covering tillage measuresimproved the layer four kinds of soil enzyme activities in0-20cm, while the other soillayer was not significant. 5. Effects of different tillage on the yield of winter wheat and the economicbenefitsCompared with T, on the final form of the wheat production was promoted bystraw mulching, the difference was significant. The analysis showed that the yields ofSTS, RTS and NTS were1.23,1.11and1.02times T, respectively. Winter wheatefficient spike of RTS was highest, which showed that significantly higher than othertreatments. The highest grain number of NTS was significantly higher than T and RT,1000kernel weight and yield of winter wheat of STS was the highest, RTS followed,NTS and STS/NTS again, were significantly higher than T treatment. Output value andnet benefits of NTS, STS/NTS, RTS and STS significantly higher than the T and RT,STS was also significantly higher than the NTS. Compared with the T, STS raised byvalue of3203.13yuan/hm2, NTS net increased of969.00yuan/hm2, RTS added value1602.00yuan/hm2. Output ratio in STS was the largest, followed was NTS treatment.