| In order to study the suitable two cropping pattern a year in the central area of Shanxi Province,this study based on the model of winter wheat and summer cropping as the research object,first screened for winter wheat and summer crop two crops a year combined varieties in the central area Shanxi province,based on this set of different tillage treatment(RT,PT),to investigate the effects of different tillage and crop stubbles of winter wheat and summer crops.Through the study,the winter wheat summer crop combination and suitable farming methods suitable for the middle area of Shanxi province were preliminarily defined.The results showed that:1.In the variety screening experiment of winter wheat Chang 6878,the yield was as high as 5885.7 kg-hm-2,combined with its growth characteristics,let the Chang 6878 crop as a late trial planting varieties.Because of the Jinza NO.30 and Xiaza No.6's growth period was shorter,the stalk was thicker,the leaf area index was bigger,the yield was higher,then preliminary screen them as the summer sorghum varieties with winter wheat multiple cropping in the middle of Shanxi province.Jinyang No.1 and Bingdan No.6,they have short growth period,high yield,good comprehensive characters,suitable for summer planting after wheat harvest in this area.Zhangzagu No.3 and zhangzagu No.10 have short growth period,high yield,high economic coefficient,short plant height,not easy to lodging,big panicle,panicle weight,suitable for multiple cropping with winter wheat in this area.The growth period of Jindou No.25 and Jindazaohuang No.2 was relatively short,and the two varieties had their own advantages and disadvantages,therefore,these two varieties were used as the summer soybean varieties plant after winter wheat in this area.2 According to the different tillage and stubble on the growth and yield of winter wheat and summer crop growth,the results show that:Winter wheat growing season,RT effectively increase the winter wheat plant height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation,the plant height of winter wheat was higher under SBW and ZMW,SBW significantly increased the leaf area index of winter wheat in the middle,SIW was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in the upper part of winter wheat,and the yield was higher.Farming methods change,influence of winter wheat spike density,straw ratio,crop straw economic coefficient is not significant:the same stubble,RT increased more than winter wheat spike length,spike weight,spikelet number and spikelet decrease,has a positive effect on yield increase.Summer crop growing season,the agronomic traits of SB,SI and GM under RT were higher than that of PT;The visible and expanded leaves of ZM under PT treatment were higher than that of RT,and the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index were still greater than that of PT;The leaf number,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index of GM were also greater than that of PT.Although these agronomic characters were RT on crop growth,but the observation of different crop maturity morphological index found that the effects of different tillage on four kinds of summer crops are different,in addition to the yield of ZM showed that the RT treatment was lower than that of the PT treatment,the other three crops showed that the RT treatment was higher than the PT treatment.3.According to the different tillage and stubble on soil physicochemical properties of winter wheat and summer crop growth,the results show that:Winter wheat growing season,RT can reduce soil bulk density in 0-20 cm,increased soil total porosity,increased capillary porosity of SBW and SIW,decreases the capillary porosity of ZMW and GMW,improved soil organic matter content.The difference of previous crops on soil bulk density,total porosity and capillary porosity had different effects in each soil layer,but compared with the other three previous crops of high soil organic matter content in soybean stubble.Summer crop growing season,the soil bulk density increased with the increase of soil depth,the bulk density of SB and SI was greater than that of PT,the soil bulk density of ZM and GM was less than PT.In general terms,RT+ZM had an important effect on the decrease of soil bulk density and the increase of total porosity.The capillary porosity decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the effect of RT on capillary porosity was higher than that of PT.The content of organic matter in different treatments with the increase of soil depth decreases in organic matter content of 0-20 cm soil layer RT treatment was higher than that of PT,organic matter content in 20-30 cm soil layer is less than PT.The results showed that the content of organic matter in GM was higher than that of other three kinds of summer crops.4.According to the different tillage and multiple cropping model on annual economic benefits of winter wheat and summer crop growth,the results show that:The interaction effects of tillage,multiple cropping model and both of them on winter wheat and summer crop year economic benefits reached extremely significant level,both of them are important factors affecting winter wheat summer crop year economic benefits.The annual economic benefit of RT was significantly higher than that of PT.For planting millet after winter wheat,the economic efficiency is highest,and significantly higher than the other three.In general,the annual economic benefit of RT+TSI and PT+TSI processing combined years are best of 30000 yuan · hm-2 above. |
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