Effects Of Rotational Tillage On Characteristics Of Growth And Physiological In A Wheat-maize Double Cropping System

This research was conducted from2011to2012in wheat-maize growing season atHenan University of Science and Technology farm. For continuous no tillage orminimum tillage and conservation tillage in North China in wheat-maize doublecropping system in farmland, causing shallow topsoil, bulk density and many otheroutstanding problems, The whole-plot treatment factor was S (wheat and maize strawretention) and NS(no straw retention).The subplot treatment factor was the tillage mode,including3C (shallow ploughing for three years), DP2C (shallow ploughing for twoyears and deep ploughing for third year),2DPC(shallow ploughing for one year anddeep ploughing for following two years)and3DP(deep ploughing for constant threeyears). The effects of rotational tillage on characteristics of growth and physiological ina Wheat-Maize double cropping system were studied by field experiments andlaboratory analysis. The main results indicates that：1. Effects of rotational tillage on wheat growth and developmentLeaf area index, straw returning under the treatment of dry matter accumulation,grain filling rate are higher than those of no mulch treatment, matter accumulation is2.82%higher than no straw returning total dry mature straw; between different tillage,straw returning in each period of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, stem tillernumber per unit area and the number of spike, grain filling rate showed highest3DP,not returning conditions showed the highest2DPC.2. Effects of rotational tillage on leaf senescence of WheatThe chlorophyll content of wheat flag leaf, SOD, POD and CAT are first increased,reached a maximum value at14days after anthesis, then decreased gradually. Returningstraw to field conditions, the above indexes were higher than that of the correspondingactivity under treatment; different tillage, no returning showed the highest2DPCcontent,3DP content was the highest when returning. After flowering, MDA content inflag leaf of wheat with the wheat growing process gradually increased, straw return conditions, the content of MDA in each treatment accumulation rate is lower than thatof deep tillage treatments; the content of MDA treatment than in conventional tillage.The straw and crop rotation tillage combination can effectively delay the senescence ofleaves.3. Effects of rotational tillage on yield and yield components of WheatStraw and3DP,2DPC combination, The effects on the number of grains per spike,spike number of wheat, grain weight were significant under straw returning incombination with3DP,2DPC. Comparing the corresponding treatment,3C, couldsignificantly increase the wheat yield increased by16.55%,16.31%, respectively.4. Effects of rotational tillage on maize growth and developmentLAI, the process of grain filling and dry matter accumulation under straw returningwere higher than that of no mulch treatment, under different tillage patterns, LAI ofeach period, dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate showed the highest3DP.5. Effects of rotational tillage on leaf senescence and photosynthetic fluorescencecharacteristicsThe chlorophyll content, SOD, CAT activity of maize ear leaf reached a maximumvalue at7days after flowering time, then gradually decreased, MDA content increasedgradually with the growth of corn. Straw returning and2DPC, is conducive to thechlorophyll content, SOD, increase the activity of CAT, respectively, than conventionaltillage, cover and continuous increase of6.94%,14.91%,9.67%; and MDA content ofthe slow accumulation rate.The photosynthetic rate, the maximal photochemical efficiency, the actualphotochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching under straw returning were higherthan that of no mulch treatment, between different tillage, deep tillage and conventionaltillage combined high.6. Effects of rotational tillage on yield and components of MaizeUnder deep tillage treatments, a spike,1000grain weight and yield per unit areaincreased benefits, compared with conventional tillage, DP2C,2DPC,3DP cansignificantly increase the yield of maize, increased respectively5.29%、13.02%、14.84%.